Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi dan Pemenuhan Sisa Tekan pada Sistem Distribusi IPA Kudu Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang

Putri, Afriza Cahya (2026) Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi dan Pemenuhan Sisa Tekan pada Sistem Distribusi IPA Kudu Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Efisiensi energi dan pemenuhan sisa tekan merupakan dua tantangan utama dalam pengoperasian sistem distribusi air berbasis pompa, khususnya pada wilayah dengan topografi bervariasi seperti Kota Semarang. Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Kudu, sebagai unit distribusi terbesar Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal, menyumbang 35–40% suplai air kota, namun saat ini hanya mengoperasikan dua dari enam unit pompa terpasang. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan rendahnya efisiensi energi, tingginya konsumsi listrik, serta tidak terpenuhinya sisa tekan minimum di pelanggan terjauh jaringan distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja energi pompa distribusi, Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), dan kondisi hidraulik jaringan, sekaligus merumuskan strategi optimasi berbasis analisis teknis, finansial, dan kelembagaan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi audit energi mengacu pedoman IUWASH–PUPR, pemodelan hidraulik EPANET 2.2, serta analisis kelayakan investasi menggunakan parameter Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), dan Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk memformulasikan strategi implementatif yang mempertimbangkan aspek operasional dan institusional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi eksisting sistem distribusi IPA Kudu memiliki efisiensi energi yang rendah dengan SEC sebesar 0,35–0,37 kWh/m³ dan sisa tekan di ujung jaringan hanya 2–4 meter. Melalui simulasi optimasi, penerapan Variable Speed Drive (VSD) mampu menurunkan konsumsi daya hingga 20–25%, sementara penggantian 14 ruas pipa menurunkan headloss menjadi <5 m/km dan meningkatkan tekanan jaringan hingga 47–59 meter. Skenario paling optimal dicapai melalui kombinasi VSD dan elevated reservoir dengan potensi penghematan energi mencapai 50%. Secara finansial, investasi optimasi dengan penggantian pompa sangat layak dengan nilai NPV sebesar Rp4,67 miliar, BCR 1,02, IRR 48,2%, serta masa pengembalian modal (Payback Period) selama 2,14 tahun.
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Energy efficiency and residual pressure compliance are two major challenges in pump-based water distribution systems, particularly in areas with highly variable topography such as Semarang City. The Kudu Water Treatment Plant (WTP), the largest production and distribution unit of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal, contributes 35–40% of the city’s total water supply but currently operates only two out of six installed pumps. This condition results in low energy efficiency, high electricity consumption, and inadequate residual pressure at the farthest customer connections within the distribution network. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the distribution pumps, the Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), and the hydraulic behavior of the existing network, while formulating technical, financial, and institutional strategies for system optimization. The methodology includes an energy audit based on IUWASH–Ministry of Public Works and Housing guidelines, hydraulic simulations using EPANET 2.2, and financial feasibility analysis employing Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). A SWOT analysis is incorporated to develop comprehensive and implementable strategies that reflect operational conditions and institutional capacity. The research results indicate that the existing conditions of the Kudu WTP distribution system exhibit low energy efficiency with an SEC of 0.35–0.37 kWh/m³ and residual pressure at the network ends of only 2–4 meters. Through optimization simulations, the implementation of Variable Speed Drives (VSD) is capable of reducing power consumption by 20–25%, while the replacement of 14 pipeline segments reduces headloss to <5 m/km and increases network pressure to 47–59 meters. The most optimal scenario is achieved through the combination of VSD and an elevated reservoir, with potential energy savings reaching 50%. Financially, this optimization investment is highly feasible, with an NPV of IDR 4,67 billion, a BCR of 1.02, an IRR of 48,2%, and a payback period of 2,14 years.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kata Kunci: Efisiensi energi, sistem pemompaan, Variable Speed Drive (VSD), IPA Kudu, Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal, EPANET, analisis finansial. ================================================================================================== Keywords: Energy efficiency, pumping system, Variable Speed Drive (VSD), IPA Kudu, Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal, EPANET, financial analysis.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD481 Water distribution systems T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899 Waste control in special industries, plants, processes, etc
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Afriza Cahya Putri
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2026 09:40
Last Modified:	22 Jan 2026 09:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130119

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