Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Autoclave Dan Metode Pretreatment Terhadap Kemurnian Dan Karakteristik Selulosa Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Refael, Alexander (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Autoclave Dan Metode Pretreatment Terhadap Kemurnian Dan Karakteristik Selulosa Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu produsen kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, sehingga aktivitas pengolahannya secara tidak langsung menghasilkan limbah biomassa dalam jumlah besar, khususnya tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Material ini kaya akan komponen lignoselulosa dan memiliki peluang besar dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber selulosa untuk berbagai aplikasi biomaterial. Namun demikian, struktur lignoselulosa yang rumit membuat selulosa terikat kuat dengan hemiselulosa dan lignin, sehingga proses isolasi tanpa perlakuan awal menjadi kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, tahap pretreatment diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemurnian sekaligus memperbaiki karakteristik selulosa yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi temperatur autoclave serta perbedaan metode pretreatment terhadap tingkat kemurnian dan karakteristik selulosa hasil isolasi dari TKKS. Metode yang diterapkan mencakup hydrothermal pretreatment (HT), alkali-assisted autoclave (AA), serta conventional pretreatment (CC) sebagai pembanding, dengan variasi temperatur autoclave 110, 120, dan 130 °C. Karakterisasi dilakukan melalui analisis komposisi kimia, pengamatan morfologi menggunakan SEM, identifikasi gugus fungsi melalui FTIR, evaluasi kristalinitas dengan XRD, analisis unsur menggunakan EDX, serta pengujian sifat termal memakai DSC-TGA. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa kenaikan temperatur autoclave cenderung meningkatkan kemurnian selulosa pada kedua metode pretreatment, meskipun pengaruhnya lebih nyata pada metode AA. Pada kondisi AA dengan temperatur 130 °C, diperoleh kemurnian selulosa tertinggi sebesar 81,07 wt%, disertai penurunan kadar lignin hingga 5,83 wt% dan peningkatan indeks kristalinitas mencapai 59,21%. Di sisi lain, peningkatan temperatur turut mempercepat proses defibrilasi dan memperbaiki stabilitas termal selulosa, yang tercermin dari kenaikan temperatur degradasi maksimum (Tmax) hingga 347,95 °C pada metode AA. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode alkali-assisted autoclave pada temperatur 130 °C merupakan kondisi paling efektif untuk menghasilkan selulosa dengan kualitas yang lebih baik.
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Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s largest palm oil producers, resulting in the generation of large quantities of biomass waste, particularly oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). This material is rich in lignocellulosic components and has significant potential as a cellulose source for various biomaterial applications. However, the complex lignocellulosic structure causes cellulose to be strongly bound to hemicellulose and lignin, making direct isolation without pretreatment inefficient. Therefore, a pretreatment stage is required to enhance cellulose purity and improve its characteristics. This study aims to investigate the effect of autoclave temperature variation and different pretreatment methods on the purity and characteristics of cellulose isolated from OPEFB. The applied methods include hydrothermal pretreatment (HT), alkali-assisted autoclave (AA), and conventional pretreatment (CC) as a reference, with autoclave temperatures of 110, 120, and 130 °C. Characterization was conducted through chemical composition analysis, morphological observation using SEM, functional group identification via FTIR, crystallinity evaluation by XRD, elemental analysis using EDX, and thermal property assessment using DSC–TGA. The results indicate that increasing the autoclave temperature generally enhances cellulose purity in both pretreatment methods, with a more pronounced effect observed in the AA method. Under the AA condition at 130 °C, the highest cellulose purity of 81.07 wt% was achieved, accompanied by a reduction in lignin content to 5.83 wt% and an increase in the crystallinity index to 59.21%. Furthermore, higher temperatures accelerated the defibrillation process and improved the thermal stability of cellulose, as reflected by an increase in the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) up to 347.95 °C for the AA method. Therefore, the alkali-assisted autoclave pretreatment at 130 °C is concluded to be the most effective condition for producing higher-quality cellulose from OPEFB.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alkali-assisted autoclave pretreatment, Conventional Pretreatment , Hydrothermal Pretreatment , Selulosa, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) == Alkali-assisted autoclave , Cellulose,Conventional Pretreatment, Hydrothermal Pretreatment, oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB).
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alexander Refael
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2026 01:57
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 01:57
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130161

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