Pemodelan Sistemik Ketidakpatuhan Prosedur dan Insiden Keselamatan di Manufaktur Kimia

Rohmah, Vivi Lailatul (2026) Pemodelan Sistemik Ketidakpatuhan Prosedur dan Insiden Keselamatan di Manufaktur Kimia. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri kimia merupakan sektor berisiko tinggi dengan potensi insiden akibat bahan berbahaya, suhu ekstrem, dan proses kompleks, sehingga diperlukan analisa sistemik untuk memahami akar masalah ketidakpatuhan prosedur dan insiden keselamatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa penyebab sistemik dari ketidakpatuhan prosedur dan insiden keselamatan di industri manufaktur kimia dengan pendekatan integratif antara Process Safety Management (PSM), Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), dan System Dynamics. Audit PSM menunjukkan adanya ketidakpatuhan signifikan pada elemen Operating Procedures dan Management of Change (MOC) yang menjadi akar masalah utama insiden berulang. Analisa RCA mengidentifikasi faktor teknis dan prosedural sebagai penyebab dominan, sedangkan HFACS menegaskan peran unsafe acts, supervisi lemah, dan pengaruh organisasi sebagaifaktor manusia dan organisasi yang memperburuk ketidakpatuhan. Kuisioner digunakan untuk mengkuantifikasi data kualitatif hasil wawancara, RCA, dan HFACS sehingga variabel seperti kepatuhan SOP, pelatihan, supervisi, dan budaya keselamatan dapat diolah secara statistik. Model System Dynamics berhasil memetakan hubungan kausal antar variabel seperti pelatihan, supervisi, persepsi risiko, budaya keselamatan, kepatuhan SOP, dan frekuensi insiden. Simulasi kebijakan menunjukkan bahwa intervensi kebijakan formal paling signifikan dalam memperlambat laju kenaikan insiden. kebijakan K3 non-finansial seperti penguatan supervisi, sosialisasi prosedur, komunikasi lintas departemen, dan pembentukan budaya keselamatan terbukti berdampak signifikan tanpa memerlukan biaya besar. Validasi model dengan data aktual memperlihatkan bahwa tren simulasi mendekati pola insiden nyata, sehingga model dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai representasi perilaku sistem. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa ketidakpatuhan prosedur dan insiden keselamatan merupakan hasil interaksi sistemik antara faktor teknis, manusia, dan organisasi, sehingga penyelesaiannya memerlukan kebijakan multidimensi yang menggabungkan aspek formal, teknis, edukatif, perilaku, serta alternatif non-finansial untuk memperkuat sistem manajemen keselamatan di industri berisiko tinggi.
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The chemical industry is a high-risk sector with potential incidents arising from hazardous materials, extreme temperatures, and complex processes, thereby requiring systemic analysis to understand the root causes of procedural non-compliance and safety incidents. This study aims to analyze the systemic causes of procedural non-compliance and safety incidents in chemical manufacturing through an integrative approach combining Process Safety Management (PSM), Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), and System Dynamics. The PSM audit revealed significant non-compliance in the elements of Operating Procedures and Management of Change (MOC), which represent the primary root causes of recurring incidents. RCA identified technical and procedural factors as dominant contributors, while HFACS emphasized the role of unsafe acts, weak supervision, and organizational influences as human and organizational factors exacerbating non-compliance. A questionnaire was employed to quantify qualitative data obtained from interviews, RCA, and HFACS, enabling statistical analysis of variables such as SOP compliance, training, supervision, and safety culture. The System Dynamics model successfully mapped causal relationships among variables including training, supervision, risk perception, safety culture, SOP compliance, and incident frequency. Policy simulations demonstrated that formal interventions were most effective in slowing the increase of incidents. Importantly, non-financial safety policies—such as strengthening supervision, procedure socialization, cross-departmental communication, and safety culture development—proved to have significant impact without requiring major costs. Model validation using actual data showed that simulation trends closely matched real incident patterns, confirming the model’s reliability as a representation of system behavior. This study highlights that procedural non-compliance and safety incidents result from systemic interactions among technical, human, and organizational factors, and therefore require multidimensional policies that integrate formal, technical, educational, behavioral, and non-financial aspects to strengthen safety management systems in high-risk industries.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keselamatan Kerja, Process Safety Management, RCA, HFACS, System Dynamics, Ketidakpatuhan Prosedur. Occupational Safety, Process Safety Management, RCA, HFACS, System Dynamics, Procedural Non-compliance
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry T Technology > TS Manufactures
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Vivi Lailatul Rohmah
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2026 08:43
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 08:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130244

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