Harahap, Rizki Anwar (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Filler Konduktif Expandable Graphite Dan TiO2 Nanoparticles Terhadap Performa Cold Phase Change Materials Berbasis Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5011221038_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5011221038_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (8MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Phase Change Material (PCM) suhu rendah dikembangkan sebagai media penyimpanan energi termal pasif untuk mendukung sistem rantai dingin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik struktur serta kestabilan performa termal PCM berbasis carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dengan penambahan expandable graphite (EG) sebagai filler konduktif dan nanopartikel TiO₂ sebagai agen pendukung stabilitas material. EG diaplikasikan dengan variasi fraksi massa 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 wt% disertai penambahan TiO₂ nanopartikel. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, XRD, dan SEM–EDX, sedangkan performa termal dianalisis melalui Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) hingga 100 siklus termal serta pengujian retensi suhu dingin dalam kotak styrofoam. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan pita khas CMC berupa gugus –OH (3200–3500 cm⁻¹) dan –COO⁻ (1630–1650 cm⁻¹) tanpa pembentukan gugus fungsi baru. Pola XRD mengonfirmasi fase grafit EG pada 2θ ≈ 26° dan fase anatase TiO₂ pada 2θ ≈ 25,3° tanpa fase kristal tambahan. Citra SEM–EDX menunjukkan dispersi EG dan TiO₂ yang relatif homogen dengan struktur lamelar EG membentuk jalur konduktif termal. Hasil DSC siklus ke-100 menunjukkan PCM CMC murni memiliki T_peak sebesar 13,57 °C dengan FWHM 11,10 °C dan heat flow puncak 69,53 mW, menandakan pelelehan yang kurang terkontrol. Sebaliknya, PCM komposit CMC/EG 1,5 wt%/TiO₂ menunjukkan penurunan T_peak hingga 3,44 °C, FWHM yang lebih sempit (6,56 °C), serta heat flow puncak 43,18 mW, yang mengindikasikan proses pelepasan kalor laten yang lebih stabil. Pengujian retensi suhu menunjukkan PCM CMC/EG 1 wt% dan CMC/EG 1,5 wt%/TiO₂ mampu mempertahankan suhu sekitar 0 °C selama ±330 menit, jauh lebih lama dibandingkan PCM CMC murni yang hanya bertahan ±60 menit. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa kombinasi EG dan TiO₂ secara signifikan meningkatkan kestabilan termal dan performa PCM berbasis CMC untuk aplikasi rantai dingin. ===================================================================================================================================
Low-temperature Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are developed as passive thermal energy storage media to support cold chain systems. This study aims to evaluate the structural characteristics and thermal performance stability of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based PCMs with the addition of expandable graphite (EG) as a conductive filler and TiO₂ nanoparticles as stability-enhancing agents. EG was incorporated at mass fractions of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% with the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Structural characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), while thermal performance was evaluated through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) up to 100 thermal cycles and cold temperature retention tests in a styrofoam box. FTIR results show characteristic CMC bands corresponding to –OH groups at 3200–3500 cm⁻¹ and –COO⁻ groups at 1630–1650 cm⁻¹, with no formation of new functional groups. XRD patterns confirm the presence of the graphite phase from EG at 2θ ≈ 26° and the anatase phase of TiO₂ at 2θ ≈ 25.3°, without the appearance of additional crystalline phases. SEM–EDX images reveal a relatively homogeneous dispersion of EG and TiO₂ within the CMC matrix, where the lamellar structure of EG forms thermally conductive pathways. DSC results at the 100th thermal cycle indicate that pristine CMC PCM exhibits a T_peak of 13.57 °C with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 11.10 °C and a peak heat flow of 69.53 mW, indicating less controlled melting behavior. In contrast, the CMC/EG 1.5 wt%/TiO₂ composite PCM shows a reduced T_peak of 3.44 °C, a narrower FWHM of 6.56 °C, and a lower peak heat flow of 43.18 mW, suggesting a more stable latent heat release process. Cold retention tests demonstrate that CMC/EG 1 wt% and CMC/EG 1.5 wt%/TiO₂ PCMs are able to maintain temperatures around 0 °C for approximately 330 minutes, significantly longer than pristine CMC PCM, which sustains the same temperature for only about 60 minutes. These results confirm that the combination of EG and TiO₂ effectively enhances the thermal stability and performance of CMC-based PCMs for cold chain applications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Expandable Graphite, Phase Change Material, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Cold Chain Transportation, Nanopartikel Tio2, Expandable Graphite, Phase Change Material, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Cold Chain Transportation, Tio2 Nanoparticles |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9999.C715-.C7154 Composite materials Q Science > QC Physics > QC320 Heat transfer T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK4035.R4 Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP374 Food--Packaging |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rizki Anwar Harahap |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jan 2026 04:40 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jan 2026 04:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130286 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |