Febriyanti, Ine (2026) Analisis Risiko Sistemik pada Implementasi Sistem Keselamatan Pertambangan Berbasis Digital Menggunakan Integrasi FMEA-FTA. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Keselamatan kerja merupakan aspek fundamental dalam operasional pertambangan, terutama pada aktivitas dengan tingkat risiko tinggi dan cakupan area yang luas. Sesuai dengan Kepmen ESDM No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018, setiap perusahaan pertambangan diwajibkan menerapkan sistem manajemen keselamatan yang efektif bagi seluruh kegiatan operasional. PT X mengelola area pertambangan seluas 33.887 hektar dengan jalur hauling sepanjang ±35 km yang melibatkan interaksi intensif antara alat berat, kendaraan angkut, dan pekerja. Kondisi tersebut menjadikan pengawasan keselamatan berbasis inspeksi manual dan pemantauan periodik kurang efektif dalam mendeteksi potensi bahaya secara tepat waktu. Untuk meningkatkan keandalan pemantauan, PT X mengimplementasikan sistem keselamatan berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang memungkinkan monitoring kondisi lapangan secara real-time. Namun, digitalisasi sistem keselamatan juga berpotensi menimbulkan risiko baru yang bersifat teknis, operasional, siber, dan sistemik, sehingga memerlukan analisis risiko yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko sistemik pada implementasi sistem keselamatan pertambangan berbasis digital menggunakan integrasi metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). FMEA digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mode kegagalan dan menentukan prioritas risiko melalui perhitungan Risk Priority Number (RPN) berdasarkan penilaian para ahli. Selanjutnya, FTA diterapkan untuk menelusuri hubungan kausal antar kegagalan dan mengidentifikasi akar penyebab risiko. Hasil analisis FMEA menunjukkan bahwa 32 dari 40 mode kegagalan berada pada kategori risiko sedang dengan distribusi RPN yang relatif merata, yang mengindikasikan karakter risiko bersifat sistemik dan saling bergantung. Kluster risiko operasional keselamatan menjadi penyumbang terbesar (40,77%), menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan utama sistem terletak pada fungsi deteksi bahaya, interpretasi data, dan penyampaian peringatan. Analisis FTA mengidentifikasi Top Event berupa kegagalan sistem dalam mendeteksi dan memberikan peringatan bahaya kritis secara real-time, serta jalur kegagalan paling kritis berdasarkan Minimal Cut Set (MCS), termasuk potensi silent failure, blind operation, dan kerentanan siber. Berdasarkan integrasi FMEA–FTA, ditetapkan lima risiko prioritas yang dimitigasi melalui strategi risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk transfer, dan risk acceptance. Evaluasi residual risk menunjukkan bahwa seluruh risiko prioritas berhasil diturunkan ke tingkat risiko rendah (RPN < 1,2), sehingga pendekatan ini mendukung pengambilan keputusan berbasis risiko, optimalisasi sumber daya, dan peningkatan keandalan sistem keselamatan digital dalam mencegah kecelakaan pertambangan.
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Occupational safety is a fundamental aspect of mining operations, particularly in activities characterized by high risk levels and extensive operational areas. In accordance with Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (Kepmen ESDM) No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018, every mining company is required to implement an effective safety management system across all operational activities. PT X operates a mining area covering 33,887 hectares with a ±35 km hauling road, involving intensive interactions among heavy equipment, hauling vehicles, and workers. Under these conditions, safety supervision based on manual inspections and periodic monitoring becomes less effective in detecting potential hazards in a timely manner. To enhance monitoring reliability, PT X has implemented an Internet of Things (IoT)–based safety system that enables real-time monitoring of field conditions. However, the digitalization of safety systems may also introduce new risks of a technical, operational, cyber, and systemic nature, thereby necessitating a comprehensive risk analysis. This study aims to analyze systemic risks in the implementation of a digital-based mining safety system using an integrated Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) approach. FMEA is employed to identify failure modes and determine risk priorities through the calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN) based on expert judgment. Subsequently, FTA is applied to trace causal relationships among failures and identify root causes. The FMEA results indicate that 32 out of 40 failure modes fall into the medium-risk category, with a relatively even distribution of RPN values, suggesting that the risks are systemic and interdependent in nature. The operational safety risk cluster contributes the largest proportion (40.77%), indicating that the primary system weaknesses lie in hazard detection, data interpretation, and warning delivery functions. The FTA identifies the Top Event as the failure of the system to detect and issue real-time warnings for critical hazards, along with the most critical failure paths based on Minimal Cut Sets (MCS), including the potential for silent failure, blind operation, and cyber vulnerabilities. Based on the integrated FMEA–FTA results, five priority risks are identified and mitigated using risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk transfer, and risk acceptance strategies. The residual risk evaluation shows that all priority risks are successfully reduced to a low-risk level (RPN < 1.2), demonstrating that this approach supports risk-informed decision-making, resource optimization, and enhanced reliability of digital safety systems in preventing mining accidents.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Keselamatan Pertambangan, Digitalisasi, IoT, FMEA, FTA, Risiko Sistemik, Mitigasi Keselamatan. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55.3.H3 Hazardous substances--Safety measures. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety T Technology > T Technology (General) > T56.8 Project Management |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Ine Febriyanti |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jan 2026 09:26 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jan 2026 09:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130328 |
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