Kajian Dampak Aktivitas Pencucian Batubara Terhadap Kualitas Air Dan Struktur Komunitas Biota Air Di Sungai Barito, Kabupaten Barito Selatan

Gianina, Lovina (2026) Kajian Dampak Aktivitas Pencucian Batubara Terhadap Kualitas Air Dan Struktur Komunitas Biota Air Di Sungai Barito, Kabupaten Barito Selatan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sungai Barito di Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, merupakan sumber daya air penting bagi masyarakat dan ekosistem perairan, namun aktivitas pencucian batubara dan pertambangan di sepanjang daerah aliran sungai berpotensi menurunkan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kualitas air Sungai Barito berdasarkan struktur komunitas biota air (nekton, plankton, dan bentos) melalui indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi, serta menganalisis hubungan antara parameter kualitas air (temperatur, DO, pH, dan TSS) dengan keberadaan biota air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling di Sungai Barito, Desa Bangkuang, Kabupaten Barito Selatan, dengan tiga titik pengambilan sampel yaitu upstream, outfall, dan downstream. Analisis difokuskan pada kualitas air dan struktur komunitas biota air sebagai indikator kondisi sungai. Struktur komunitas biota air dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener (H’), keseragaman (E), dan dominansi (C), sedangkan status mutu air dinilai menggunakan Metode STORET dan Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Hubungan antara kualitas air dan biota air dianalisis menggunakan korelasi, dan hasilnya diintegrasikan dalam analisis SWOT untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan dan mitigasi dampak pencemaran akibat aktivitas pencucian batubara. Kualitas air Sungai Barito tergolong cemar ringan, dengan sebagian besar parameter fisika-kimia masih memenuhi baku mutu, kecuali DO yang rendah dan Mn yang melebihi ambang batas pada beberapa titik. Hasil penilaian STORET menunjukkan skor –2 (kelas B), sedangkan Indeks Pencemaran (IP) berkisar antara 1,12–2,68. Aktivitas pencucian batubara mempengaruhi ekosistem perairan, yang tercermin dari indeks keanekaragaman (H’) nekton kategori sedang–tinggi, plankton sedang, dan bentos rendah, dengan nilai keseragaman tinggi dan dominansi rendah yang menunjukkan komunitas relatif stabil meskipun berada di bawah tekanan antropogenik. Hubungan antara kualitas air dan biota air tergolong kuat hingga sangat kuat, terutama pada parameter TSS, DO, pH, dan Mn, sedangkan Fe menunjukkan hubungan lemah hingga tidak signifikan. Strategi pengelolaan dan mitigasi pencemaran Sungai Barito berada pada kuadran I (strategi agresif), yang menekankan penentuan lokasi mitigasi yang tepat, pemantauan kualitas air berkelanjutan, dan pengurangan beban pencemar.
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The Barito River in South Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, is an important water resource for local communities and aquatic ecosystems; however, coal washing and mining activities along the watershed have the potential to degrade water quality. This study aimed to assess the water quality of the Barito River based on the structure of aquatic biotic communities (nekton, plankton, and benthos) using diversity, evenness, and dominance indices, and to analyze the relationships between water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, and TSS) and aquatic biota. This study employed purposive sampling in the Barito River at Bangkuang Village, South Barito Regency, with three sampling sites representing upstream, outfall, and downstream sections. The analysis focused on water quality and aquatic community structure as indicators of river condition. Aquatic community structure was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), and dominance index (C), while water quality status was evaluated using the STORET method and the Pollution Index (PI). The relationships between water quality and aquatic biota were examined using correlation analysis, and the results were integrated into a SWOT analysis to formulate management strategies and mitigation measures for pollution impacts caused by coal washing activities. The water quality of the Barito River was classified as lightly polluted, with most physicochemical parameters meeting water quality standards, except for low DO levels and elevated Mn concentrations at several sites. The STORET assessment yielded a score of –2 (Class B), while the Pollution Index ranged from 1.12 to 2.68. Coal washing activities influenced the aquatic ecosystem, as indicated by moderate to high diversity of nekton, moderate diversity of plankton, and low diversity of benthos, with high evenness and low dominance values suggesting relatively stable communities despite anthropogenic pressure. The relationships between water quality parameters and aquatic biota were classified as strong to very strong, particularly for TSS, DO, pH, and Mn, whereas Fe showed weak to insignificant relationships. The pollution management and mitigation strategy for the Barito River falls within Quadrant I (aggressive strategy), emphasizing appropriate mitigation site selection, continuous water quality monitoring, and pollutant load reduction.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Sungai Barito, pencucian batu bara kualitas air, biota air,Barito River, coal washing, water quality, aquatic biota
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH75 Nature conservation. Landscape protection. Biodiversity conservation. Endangered species and ecosystems (General). Habitat conservation. Ecosystem management. Conservation biology
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Lovina Gianina
Date Deposited:	27 Jan 2026 07:49
Last Modified:	27 Jan 2026 07:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130447

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