Analisis Pengaruh Komposisi dan Temperatur Hidrotermal pada Proses Sintesis Komposit Cu2O/ZnO terhadap Kinerja Fotokatalitik Degradasi Limbah Pewarna dan Reduksi CO2

Ramadhan, Muhammad Andra (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Komposisi dan Temperatur Hidrotermal pada Proses Sintesis Komposit Cu2O/ZnO terhadap Kinerja Fotokatalitik Degradasi Limbah Pewarna dan Reduksi CO2. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah zat warna dan emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) merupakan permasalahan lingkungan global yang memerlukan teknologi remediasi yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Fotokatalis semikonduktor seperti Cu₂O dan ZnO memiliki potensi besar untuk degradasi zat warna organik dan reduksi CO₂, namun terdapat limitasi pada rekombinasi muatan yang cepat. Pembentukan komposit heterojunction Cu₂O/ZnO dengan pengendalian komposisi dan kondisi sintesis merupakan strategi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, komposit Cu₂O/ZnO disintesis untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio komposisi Cu₂O:ZnO dan temperatur hidrotermal terhadap sifat struktural, optik, elektrokimia, dan kinerja fotokatalitik. Cu₂O disintesis menggunakan metode wet chemical, kemudian ZnO dikompositkan secara hidrotermal dengan rasio Cu₂O:ZnO sebesar 2:5, 4:5, dan 6:5 serta temperatur hidrotermal 120, 150, dan 180°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysi (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), dan zeta potential mengonfirmasi terbentuknya Cu₂O cuboctahedron yang sebagian tertutupi ZnO, membentuk heterojunction p–n. Performa ZnO memiliki efisiensi degradasi indigo carmine tertinggi sebesar 79,20%. Cu₂O menunjukkan kemampuan adsorpsi gelap sebesar 36,24%. Di antara material komposit, CZ-2:5 dan CZ-180 menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan efisiensi degradasi masing-masing sebesar 72,63% dan 73,93%, mengikuti kinetika orde pertama. Pada reduksi fotokatalitik CO₂, dengan metanol, ZnO menghasilkan yield metanol tertinggi sebesar 3039,30 mmol g⁻¹·katalis. Variasi temperatur hidrotermal secara signifikan meningkatkan performa komposit, dengan CZ-180 mencapai yield metanol sebesar 2361,15 mmol g⁻¹·katalis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa heterojunction Cu₂O/ZnO berpotensi sebagai fotokatalis multifungsi untuk degradasi zat warna dan konversi CO₂.
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Dye wastewater and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions represent critical global environmental challenges that require effective and sustainable remediation technologies. Semiconductor photocatalysts such as Cu₂O and ZnO have attracted significant attention for organic dye degradation and CO₂ reduction; however, their practical performance is often limited by rapid charge carrier recombination. The construction of Cu₂O/ZnO heterojunction composites with controlled composition and synthesis conditions is therefore employed in this study as an effective strategy to enhance charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, Cu₂O/ZnO composite photocatalysts were synthesized to investigate the effects of Cu₂O:ZnO composition ratio and hydrothermal temperature on their structural, optical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties. Cu₂O was prepared via a wet chemical method, followed by hydrothermal growth of ZnO at Cu₂O:ZnO ratios of 2:5, 4:5, and 6:5, and hydrothermal temperatures of 120, 150, and 180 °C. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and zeta potential measurements confirmed the formation of cuboctahedral Cu₂O partially covered by ZnO, resulting in a stable p–n heterojunction structure. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated that pristine ZnO exhibited the highest indigo carmine degradation efficiency of 79.20%, while Cu₂O showed a notable dark adsorption capacity of 36.24%. Among the composite materials, CZ-2:5 and CZ-180 achieved the best photocatalytic performance, with degradation efficiencies of 72.63% and 73.93%, respectively, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. In photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, methanol was identified as the primary product. ZnO produced the highest methanol yield of 3039.30 mmol g⁻¹·cat, while increasing the hydrothermal temperature significantly enhanced composite performance, with CZ-180 yielding 2361.15 mmol g⁻¹·cat. These results indicate that Cu₂O/ZnO heterojunctions are promising multifunctional photocatalysts for dye degradation and CO₂ conversion.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CO2, Cu2O, Hidrotermal, Indigo Carmine, ZnO, CO2, Cu2O, Hydrothermal, Indigo Carmine, ZnO
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC162 Adsorption and absorption Q Science > QC Physics > QC173.4.C63 Composite materials Q Science > QC Physics > QC912.3 Greenhouse gases Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD1 Oxidation-reduction reaction. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD181.Z6 Zinc oxide Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD716 Photocatalysis.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 27101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Andra Ramadhan
Date Deposited:	26 Jan 2026 05:39
Last Modified:	26 Jan 2026 05:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130500

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