Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Fraksi Serat Kelapa Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Impak Biokomposit Dengan Proses Injection Molding

Hanidra, Nabila Padusi (2026) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Fraksi Serat Kelapa Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Impak Biokomposit Dengan Proses Injection Molding. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya permasalahan limbah plastik dan limbah tanaman di Indonesia mendorong pengembangan material alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Salah satu solusi potensial adalah pemanfaatan biokomposit yang menggabungkan polimer sintetis dengan serat alam. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan polypropylene (PP) sebagai matriks dan serat kelapa sebagai penguat alami, dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada plastik serta memanfaatkan limbah pertanian yang melimpah. Penelitian ini secara khusus mengkaji pengaruh fraksi serat sabut kelapa terhadap karakteristik mekanik berupa kekuatan tarik dan impak biokomposit. Perlakuan alkalisasi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan interaksi antar muka antara serat kelapa dan matriks PP dengan cara menghilangkan lignin serta kotoran dari permukaan serat. Metode pencetakan spesimen menggunakan teknik injection molding yang banyak digunakan di industri karena kemampuannya menghasilkan produk dengan bentuk dan dimensi yang memiliki presisi tinggi. Komposisi campuran antara PP dan serat kelapa divariasikan dalam tiga kombinasi, yaitu 90:10, 80:20, dan 70:30 (dalam % berat), serta ditambahkan Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) sebanyak 5% sebagai agen kopling untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas antar fasa. Proses perlakuan serat dimulai dari perendaman dalam larutan NaOH 5%, pengeringan, pengecilan ukuran, hingga pencetakan spesimen uji. Uji tarik dan uji impak dilakukan sesuai standar ASTM untuk menilai perubahan sifat mekanik akibat variasi komposisi serat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi serat kelapa menyebabkan penurunan kekuatan tarik dan elongation, namun meningkatkan modulus elastisitas dan kekuatan impak biokomposit. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi setelah polypropylene murni diperoleh pada biokomposit dengan 10% serat sebesar 32,69 N/mm², sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada biokomposit dengan 30% serat sebesar 30,76 N/mm². Sebaliknya, kekuatan impak meningkat seiring bertambahnya fraksi serat, dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 1,9694 kJ/m² pada biokomposit 30% serat, pada serat 20% dan 30% didapatkan nilai masing-masing yaitu 1,2141 kJ/m² dan 1,4117 kJ/m². Dari hasil yang didapatkan, biokomposit dapat diaplikasikan pada bumper dengan standar SAE J 1717 yang memiliki standar kekuatan tarik sebesar 8,09 MPa yang mengacu pada standar Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J 1717.
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The increasing problem of plastic waste and plant waste in Indonesia encourages the development of alternative materials that are more environmentally friendly. One potential solution is the use of biocomposites that combine synthetic polymers with natural fibers. In this study, polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix and coconut fiber as a natural reinforcement, with the aim of reducing dependence on plastic and utilizing abundant agricultural waste. This study specifically examines the effect of coconut fiber fractions on the mechanical characteristics in the form of tensile strength and impact of biocomposites. Alkalization treatment aims to increase the interfacial interaction between coconut fiber and the PP matrix by removing lignin and dirt from the fiber surface. The specimen printing method uses the injection molding technique which is widely used in industry because of its ability to produce products with high precision shapes and dimensions. The composition of the mixture between PP and coconut fiber was varied in five combinations, namely 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 (in wt%), and 5% Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) was added as a coupling agent to improve compatibility between phases. The fiber treatment process starts from soaking in 5% NaOH solution, drying, size reduction, to printing test specimens. Tensile and impact tests are carried out according to ASTM standards to assess changes in mechanical properties due to variations in fiber composition and the effect of NaOH treatment. Tensile and impact tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM standards to evaluate changes in mechanical properties resulting from variations in fiber composition. The test results indicate that increasing the fraction of coconut fiber leads to a decrease in tensile strength and elongation, while increasing the elastic modulus and impact strength of the biocomposite. The highest tensile strength after pure polypropylene was obtained for the biocomposite containing 10% fiber, with a value of 32.69 N/mm², whereas the lowest tensile strength was observed in the biocomposite with 30% fiber, at 30.76 N/mm². In contrast, the impact strength increased with increasing fiber fraction, with the highest value of 1.9694 kJ/m² recorded for the biocomposite containing 30% fiber; at fiber contents of 20% and 30%, the impact strength values were 1.2141 kJ/m² and 1.4117 kJ/m², respectively. Based on these results, the biocomposite is considered suitable for application in bumper components, referring to the SAE J 1717 standard, which specifies a minimum tensile strength requirement of 8.09 MPa according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J 1717 standard.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biokomposit, Serat Kelapa, NaOH, Injection Molding, Biocomposite, Coconut Fibre, NaOH, Injection Molding
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS161 Materials management. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning) T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS183 Manufacturing processes. Lean manufacturing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nabila Padusi Hanidra
Date Deposited:	28 Jan 2026 07:56
Last Modified:	28 Jan 2026 07:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130797

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