Desain Pabrik Natrium Karbonat (Na₂CO₃) Dari Purifikasi Biogas

Ramadhani, Abdur Rasyid Ridho and Wicaksono, Daffa Bagas (2026) Desain Pabrik Natrium Karbonat (Na₂CO₃) Dari Purifikasi Biogas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) serta tingginya ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor natrium karbonat (Na₂CO₃) mendorong perlunya pengembangan pabrik yang mampu mengintegrasikan penangkapan karbon dengan produksi bahan kimia bernilai ekonomi. Pada laporan ini dilakukan perancangan pabrik natrium karbonat dari proses purifikasi biogas menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 15.559,24 ton/tahun Na₂CO₃, yang setara dengan 0,2% kebutuhan nasional tahun 2028. Proses utama yang diterapkan adalah reaksi karbonasi antara CO₂ dalam biogas dan NaOH, sehingga dihasilkan dua produk utama, yaitu natrium karbonat dan compressed biomethane gas (CBG) sebagai energi terbarukan. Dari aspek teknis, pabrik dirancang melalui tahapan proses terintegrasi yang meliputi pre-treatment biogas, reaksi karbonasi, pemisahan, evaporasi–kristalisasi, hingga pengeringan produk. Ketersediaan bahan baku biogas sebesar 1,000 Nm³/jam dari PT Greenfields Dairy Farm 2 serta pasokan NaOH dinilai mencukupi untuk mendukung operasi pabrik secara kontinyu. Spesifikasi produk Na₂CO₃ yang dihasilkan mencapai kemurnian 99,8%, sedangkan produk samping CBG memenuhi standar SNI 9164:2023. Dari aspek ekonomi, hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa nilai Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) yang dibutuhkan sebesar Rp118.102.194.420, yang mencakup biaya pengadaan dan pemasangan peralatan, bangunan pabrik, fasilitas penunjang, serta modal kerja. Sementara itu, nilai Operational Expenditure (OPEX) sebesar Rp230.037.222.449 per tahun, yang terdiri atas biaya bahan baku, utilitas, tenaga kerja, pemeliharaan, serta biaya operasional lainnya. Evaluasi kelayakan finansial menunjukkan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp295.922.478.977, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 62,03%, yang jauh melebihi Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) sebesar 14,01%, serta Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 26,66% dan Pay Out Time (POT) selama 5,63 tahun. Parameter tersebut menandakan tingkat pengembalian investasi yang tinggi dengan risiko kerugian yang relatif rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis teknis dan ekonomis, pabrik natrium karbonat dari purifikasi biogas dinyatakan layak untuk direalisasikan dan berpotensi mendukung pengurangan emisi karbon sekaligus pemenuhan kebutuhan natrium karbonat dalam negeri.
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The increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and Indonesia’s high dependence on imported sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) highlight the need to develop industrial facilities that integrate carbon capture with the production of economically valuable chemicals. This report presents the design of a sodium carbonate plant based on biogas purification using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, with a production capacity of 15,559.24 tons/year of Na₂CO₃, equivalent to 0.2% of the national demand projected for 2028. The main process applied is the carbonation reaction between CO₂ contained in biogas and NaOH, producing two primary products: sodium carbonate and compressed biomethane gas (CBG) as a renewable energy source. From a technical perspective, the plant is designed through integrated process stages, including biogas pre-treatment, carbonation reaction, separation, evaporation–crystallization, and product drying. The availability of biogas feedstock amounting to 1,000 Nm³/year from PT Greenfields Dairy Farm 2, along with a sufficient supply of NaOH, is considered adequate to support continuous plant operation. The produced Na₂CO₃ achieves a purity of 99.8%, while the CBG by-product complies with SNI 9164:2023 standards. From an economic perspective, the calculated Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) is Rp118,102,194,420, covering equipment procurement and installation, plant construction, supporting facilities, and working capital. Meanwhile, the Operational Expenditure (OPEX) amounts to Rp230,037,222,449 per year, consisting of raw material costs, utilities, labor, maintenance, and other operational expenses. Financial feasibility analysis indicates a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp295,922,478,977, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 62.03%, which significantly exceeds the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 14.01%, a Break Even Point (BEP) of 26.66%, and a Pay Out Time (POT) of 5.63 years. These indicators demonstrate a high investment return with a relatively low risk of loss. Based on the technical and economic analyses, the sodium carbonate plant utilizing biogas purification is considered feasible for implementation and has the potential to support carbon emission reduction while contributing to domestic sodium carbonate supply.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biogas, purifikasi CO₂, natrium karbonat, karbonasi, kelayakan pabrik, analisis ekonomi.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP245.S5 Silica gel. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Abdur Rasyid Ridho Ramadhan
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2026 05:29
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2026 05:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131031

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