Investigasi Numerik Pengaruh Rasio Tulangan Terhadap Kinerja Lentur Balok Beton Geopolimer Fly Ash Tinggi Kalsium

Trisnawardhana, Muhammad Rifky (2026) Investigasi Numerik Pengaruh Rasio Tulangan Terhadap Kinerja Lentur Balok Beton Geopolimer Fly Ash Tinggi Kalsium. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh rasio tulangan longitudinal terhadap kinerja lentur balok beton geopolimer berbasis fly ash tinggi kalsium melalui analisis elemen hingga nonlinier tiga dimensi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rasio tulangan merupakan faktor penentu utama moda keruntuhan dan daktilitas balok. Balok dengan rasio tulangan ≤1,70% (D12 dan D16) mengalami keruntuhan daktil yang dikendalikan oleh leleh tulangan, dengan indeks daktilitas mencapai 13–15, kapasitas energi tinggi, dan pola retak lentur yang terdistribusi. Sebaliknya, balok dengan rasio tulangan ≥2,42% (D19, D22, D29) mengalami keruntuhan getas yang didominasi oleh hancurnya beton, ditandai dengan penurunan beban pasca-puncak yang tajam, daktilitas rendah (μ ≈ 1,8–3,0), dan retak geser diagonal yang terkonsentrasi. Peningkatan diameter sengkang dapat memperbaiki konfinemen dan distribusi retak, tetapi tidak mampu mengembalikan daktilitas pada balok yang bertulangan berlebih. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi ketidaksesuaian antara ketentuan desain SNI 2847:2019 dengan perilaku aktual beton geopolimer. Batas rasio tulangan maksimum yang berlaku untuk beton konvensional (ρmax ≈ 2,40%) terbukti tidak konservatif untuk geopolimer, karena perilaku getas telah muncul pada ρ ≈ 1,70%. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk menerapkan batas rasio tulangan yang lebih ketat (ρmax ≤ 1,50%) guna menjamin kinerja daktil. Temuan ini memberikan dasar penting bagi penyusunan pedoman desain khusus beton geopolimer yang berkelanjutan dan tahan gempa.
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This study investigates the influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the flexural performance of high‑calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete beams using three‑dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that the reinforcement ratio is the primary factor governing failure mode and ductility. Beams with reinforcement ratios ≤1.70% (D12 and D16) exhibited ductile, tension‑controlled failures, with ductility indices reaching 13–15, high energy absorption capacity, and distributed flexural cracking. In contrast, beams with reinforcement ratios ≥2.42% (D19, D22, D29) failed in a brittle, compression‑controlled manner, characterized by sharp post‑peak load deterioration, low ductility (μ ≈ 1.8–3.0), and concentrated diagonal shear cracking. Increasing stirrup diameter improved confinement and crack distribution but could not restore ductility in over‑reinforced beams. The study also identifies a mismatch between the design limits of SNI 2847:2019 and the actual behavior of geopolymer concrete. The conventional code‑based maximum reinforcement limit (ρmax ≈ 2.40%) is shown to be non‑conservative for geopolymer concrete, as brittle behavior emerged at ρ ≈ 1.70%. Therefore, a stricter reinforcement limit (ρmax ≤ 1.50%) is recommended to ensure ductile performance. These findings provide an essential basis for developing specific design guidelines for sustainable and seismic‑resistant geopolymer concrete structures.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Beton Geopolimer, Beton Bertulang, Rasio Tulangan, Analisis Elemen Hingga, Momen-Kurvatur, Geopolimer Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, Reinforcement Ratio, Finite Element Analysis, Moment-Curvature
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA444 Reinforced concrete
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rifky Trisnawardhana
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2026 05:02
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2026 05:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131364

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