Inovasi Dual Hidrogel Selulosa Tersulfonasi Berbasis Biomassa Untuk Baterai Aluminium Udara

Arba'a, Maulidsya Qalam (2026) Inovasi Dual Hidrogel Selulosa Tersulfonasi Berbasis Biomassa Untuk Baterai Aluminium Udara. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Baterai aluminium-udara (BAU) memiliki densitas energi teoritis yang tinggi dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sistem penyimpanan energi berkelanjutan. Namun, pengembangan BAU sekunder masih terkendala oleh rendahnya efisiensi Coulombic akibat reaksi evolusi hidrogen (REH) serta keterbatasan transport ion Al3+ pada elektrolit berbasis air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji peran hidrogel selulosa tersulfonasi berbasis sabut kelapa sebagai elektrolit padat untuk menekan REH dan meningkatkan performa elektrokimia BAU. Hidrogel disintesis melalui delignifikasi dan bleaching sabut kelapa, pelarutan selulosa dengan sistem NaOH/urea, pembentukan hidrogel menggunakan boraks, serta modifikasi kimia melalui oksidasi periodat (NaIO4) dan sulfonasi menggunakan Na2S2O5. Waktu oksidasi dan konsentrasi reagen divariasikan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR dan uji mekanik, sedangkan performa elektrokimia dianalisis melalui EIS, CV, dan uji charge-discharge sel baterai aluminium-udara dengan konfigurasi dual hidrogel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa waktu oksidasi optimum adalah 1 jam. Hidrogel tersulfonasi dengan NaIO4 20 g/L dan Na2S2O5 30 g/L menghasilkan kapasitas pertukaran ion sulfonat (EICs) sebesar 0,1854 mmol g⁻¹, konduktivitas ionik hingga 18,372 mS cm-1, serta penurunan resistansi larutan (Rs) hingga 1,51 Ω. Secara kualitatif, hidrogel tersulfonasi menunjukkan struktur yang lebih homogen, kestabilan mekanik yang baik, serta antarmuka elektrokimia yang lebih stabil. Uji charge-discharge memperlihatkan bahwa sistem BAU berbasis hidrogel tersulfonasi mampu mempertahankan siklus operasi stabil hingga ~30 jam, jauh lebih baik dibandingkan hidrogel tanpa sulfonasi. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa hidrogel selulosa tersulfonasi berbasis biomassa berpotensi sebagai elektrolit padat untuk BAU sekunder yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.
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Aluminum-air batteries (AABs) possess a high theoretical energy density and have strong potential for development as sustainable energy storage systems. However, the development of secondary AABs is still hindered by low Coulombic efficiency due to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and limited Al3+ ion transport in aqueous-based electrolytes. This study aims to investigate the role of sulfonated cellulose hydrogels derived from coconut coir as solid electrolytes to suppress HER and enhance the electrochemical performance of AABs. The hydrogel was synthesized through delignification and bleaching of coconut coir, dissolution of cellulose using a NaOH/urea system, hydrogel formation with borax, and chemical modification via periodate oxidation (NaIO4) followed by sulfonation using Na2S2O5. Oxidation time and reagent concentrations were varied to obtain optimum conditions. Characterization was conducted using FTIR and mechanical testing, while electrochemical performance was evaluated through EIS, CV, and charge– discharge tests of aluminum-air battery cells with a dual-hydrogel configuration. The results show that the optimum oxidation time was 1 hour. Sulfonated hydrogels prepared with 20 g/L NaIO4 and 30 g/L Na2S2O5 exhibited a sulfonate ion exchange capacity (EICs) of 0.1854 mmol g-1, ionic conductivity of up to 18.372 mS cm-1, and a reduction in solution resistance (Rs) to 1.51 Ω. Qualitatively, the sulfonated hydrogels demonstrated a more homogeneous structure, good mechanical stability, and a more stable electrochemical interface. Charge-discharge tests revealed that the sulfonated hydrogel-based AAB system was able to maintain stable cycling for up to ~30 hours, significantly outperforming the non-sulfonated hydrogel system. These results confirm that biomass-derived sulfonated cellulose hydrogels have strong potential as environmentally friendly and sustainable solid electrolytes for secondary aluminum-air batteries

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aluminum-air batteries, cellulose hydrogels, coconut coir, solid electrolytes, sulfonation Baterai aluminium-udara, hidrogel selulosa, sabut kelapa, elektrolit padat, sulfonasi
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD553 Electrochemistry. Electrolysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Maulidsya Qalam Arba'a
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2026 06:53
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2026 06:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131420

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