Pengaruh Variasi Hidrat Berbasis Seng Nitrat dalam Sintesis ZnO Nanopartikel Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Jati untuk Aplikasi Fotokatalitik dan Antibakteri

Noorfaizah, Hazura (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Hidrat Berbasis Seng Nitrat dalam Sintesis ZnO Nanopartikel Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Jati untuk Aplikasi Fotokatalitik dan Antibakteri. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembuangan limbah di daerah perkotaan dan industri khususnya yang mengandung kontaminan pewarna seperti metilen biru (MB) telah berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Pencemaran limbah zat pewarna di perairan dalam waktu lama diikuti dengan ancaman kesehatan dari mikroba resisten dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan yang besar. Salah satu cara untuk mendegradasi pewarna MB yaitu melalui fotokatalisis menggunakan semikonduktor ZnO. Sifat fotokatalitik dan antibakteri yang tinggi dari material hasil sintesis menjadikan ZnO sebagai material multifungsi yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang lingkungan dan kesehatan.Pada penelitian ini, nanopartikel seng oksida (NP ZnO) disintesis menggunakan ekstrak daun jati melalui pendekatan yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengivestigasi pengaruh variasi hidrat prekursor berbasis seng nitrat; Zn(NO3)2.4H2O dan Zn(NO3)2.6H2O terhadap aktivitas fotokatalitik dan antibakteri NP ZnO. Volume ekstrak daun jati berbeda yang digunakan 10,20, 30 mL, dengan variasi suhu kalsinasi 400◦C, 500◦C, dan 600◦C. Fitokimia daun jati dianalisis dengan Liquid Chromatography (LC-HRMS) berhasil mengindentifikasi senyawa asam-asam organik, asam fenolik, flavonoid, turunan polifenol, gula, karbohidrat, asam amino, dan aldehid. Kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun jati diperoleh sebesar 9,1 mgQE/g. Karakterisasi NP ZnO dengan spektra Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) menunjukkan biomolekul daun jati memainkan peran penting dalam bioreduksi ion seng (Zn2+). Analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan morfologi spherical yang seragam dengan aglomerasi moderat. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) mendefinisikan struktur kristal wurtzite dengan ukuran kristallit berkisar antara 7,4 – 31,7 nm. Analisis BET menunjukkan luas permukaan spesifik terbesar 21,822 m2/g dan volume total pori terbesar 0,167 cm3/g yang dihasilkan pada volume 30 mL, 600°C yang mendukung aktivitas fotokatalitiknya. Degradasi Metilen Biru terbaik sebesar 94,4% dicapai pada sampel prekursor tetrahidrat dengan volume ekstrak 30 mL, suhu 600°C, dan waktu iradiasi UV 90 menit. Optimasi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) menunjukkan titik optimum diperoleh pada variasi sampel yang sesuai dengan hasil uji fotokatalitik. Adapun aktivitas antibakteri dievaluasi pada S. aureus menunjukkan kemampuan inhibitor tinggi sebesar 23,56 nm, namun konsentrasi 20-100 mg/mL ZnO belum cukup kuat untuk menghambat bakteri E. coli. Penelitian ini menekankan potensi besar NP ZnO untuk aplikasi pengolahan limbah berkelanjutan dan antibakteri yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan pada aplikasi industri di bidang lingkungan dan kesehatan.
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Waste disposal in both urban and industrial areas, especially wastewater containing dye contaminants such as methylene blue (MB), has been negatively impacting the environment and public health. Long-term dye contamination in water bodies, coupled with the health threats posed by resistant microbes, can lead to significant health problems. One way to degrade MB dye is through photocatalysis using ZnO semiconductors. The high photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of the synthesized material make ZnO a promising multifunctional material for applications in the environmental and health sectors. In this study, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Teak leaf extracts through a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. The objective of study is to investigate the effect variations in zinc nitrate-based precursor hydrates, Zn(NO3)2.4H2O and Zn(NO3)2.6H2O on the photocatalytic activity and antibacterial of ZnO NPs. The volume of extract was varied at 10, 20, and 30 mL and calcination temperature varied at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. The phytochemistry of teak leaves was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography (LC-HRMS) identify metabolic compound such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, polyphenol derivatives, sugars, carbohydrates, amino acids, and aldehydes. The total flavonoid content of teak leaf extract was 9.1 mgQE/g. The results of ZnO NPs characterization with Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR)spectra showed that teak leaf biomolecules play an important role in the bio-reduction of zinc ions (Zn2+). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed a uniform spherical morphology with moderate agglomeration. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed a well-defined wurtzite crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 7.4 – 31.7 nm. BET analysis showed the largest specific surface area of 21.822 m²/g and the largest total pore volume of 0.167 cm³/g at a volume of 30 mL and 600°C, which supports its photocatalytic activity. The best Blue Methylene degradation of 94.4% was achieved with the tetrahydrate precursor sample at an extract volume of 30 mL, a temperature of 600°C, and a UV irradiation time of 90 minutes. Optimization using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum point was obtained with the same sample variation as the best photocatalytic activity. The antibacterial activity evaluated on S. aureus showed a high inhibitory capacity of 23.56 nm, while given concentrations of 20-100 mg/mL ZnO were not strong enough to inhibit E. coli bacteria. This study emphasizes the great potential of ZnO NPs for sustainable waste treatment and effective, environmentally friendly antibacterial applications in industrial applications in the environmental and health sectors.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antibakteri, Daun Jati, Fotokatalitik, Green sintesis, Seng Oksida, Antibacterial, Teak Leaf, Photocatalytic, Green synthesis, Zinc Oxide
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Hazura Noorfaizah
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2026 03:53
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2026 03:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131520

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