Analisa Kegagalan Ladle dan Pembentukan Deposit Pada Dinding Ladle Dengan Low Nickel Slag Converter di Nickel Smelter (RKEF)

Aditya, Fajar (2026) Analisa Kegagalan Ladle dan Pembentukan Deposit Pada Dinding Ladle Dengan Low Nickel Slag Converter di Nickel Smelter (RKEF). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia mempunyai cadangan nikel yang melimpah, salah satunya diproses menjadi nickel matte. Untuk nickel matte, terdapat proses converter untuk menaikkan kadar nikel dengan temperatur 1200 oC hingga 1220 oC serta menghasilkan dua jenis slag (low nickel dan high nickel) serta matte. Slag dan matte dipindahkan menggunakan ladle yang terbuat dari carbon steel dan dibedakan menjadi ladle lama (sebelum 2020) dan ladle baru (setelah 2020). Tahun 2023, terdapat insiden kebocoran ladle yang kemudian dilakukan kajian untuk menganalisis kegagalan ladle, material ladle lama dan ladle baru serta pembentukan deposit di ladle. Dilakukan pengujian komposisi (OES), metalografi, XRF, XRD, SEM-EDX, pengukuran ketebalan, pengambilan temperatur dan volume deposit di ladle. Didapatkan hasil bahwa material ladle lama dan ladle baru memenuhi spesifikasi ASTM A27 Grade 30-60 namun terdapat perbedaan pada kandungan karbonnya. Ladle lama di 0.28% (baja karbon sedang) sementara ladle baru di 0.18% (baja karbon rendah). Analisa kegagalannya terjadi karena konsentrasi beban di area penuangan slag serta deposit low nickel slag converter yang tipis menyebabkan penetrasi high nickel slag converter ke ladle. Hasil XRD juga menunjukkan adanya senyawa asing seperti silika dan magnesia yang merupakan senyawa slag converter. High nickel slag converter juga mengandung nikel oksida (NiO) yang reaktif terhadap besi. NiO akan bereaksi dengan Fe dan menghasilkan FeO sebagai produk korosi. Proses ini yang akan membetuk sumuran di area kegagalan. Untuk pembentukan deposit, ladle mempunyai temperatur yang aman dan volume deposit yang cukup setelah digunakan untuk menampung low slag nickel converter pada penampung ke-lima.
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Indonesia has a massive resouces againts nickel, some of them is produced to be nickel matte. For nickel matte, there is a converter process to increases nickel content at temperature of 1200 oC to 1220 oC, producing two types of slag (low nickel and high nickel) and matte. Slag and matte are transferred using ladles that made of carbon steel and divided into old ladles (before 2020) and new ladles (after 2020). In 2023, a ladle leak incident occurred and studied to analyze ladle failure, old and new ladle materials, and deposit formation in the ladles. Composition testing (OES), metallography, XRF, XRD, SEM-EDX, thickness measurements, temperature measurements, and deposit volume in the ladles were carried out. The results showed that the old and new ladle materials are suit to ASTM A27 Grade 30-60 specifications, but there were differences in carbon content. The old ladle was at 0.28% (medium carbon steel) while the new ladle was at 0.18% (low carbon steel). Failure analysis occurred due to load concentration in the slag pouring area and thin of low nickel slag converter deposit that causing the penetration of the high nickel slag converter into the ladle. XRD results also showed the presence of foreign compounds such as silica and magnesia which are slag converter compounds. The high nickel slag converter also contains nickel oxide (NiO) which is reactive to iron. NiO will react with Fe and produce FeO as a corrosion product. This process will form a hole in the failure area. For deposit formation, the ladle has a safe temperature and sufficient deposit volume after use to accommodate the low slag nickel converter in the fifth container.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Analisa Kegagalan, Kebocoran Ladle, Smelter Nikel, Deposit Ladle, Failure Analysis, Ladle Leakage, Nickel Smelter, Ladle Deposit
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA169.5 Failure analysis
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing.
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA467 Iron and Steel Corrosion and protection against corrosion
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN687 Electric furnaces.
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN690 Metallography. Physical metallurgy
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN799.N6 Nickel--Metallurgy
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 27101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User: Fajar Aditya
Date Deposited: 02 Feb 2026 07:50
Last Modified: 02 Feb 2026 07:50
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131659

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