Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Tilting Positif Burner Terhadap Distribusi Temperatur, Emisi, Kecepatan Serta Evaluasi Fouling Dan Slagging Pada Boiler

Gharzian, Bryan Rayhan Putra (2026) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Tilting Positif Burner Terhadap Distribusi Temperatur, Emisi, Kecepatan Serta Evaluasi Fouling Dan Slagging Pada Boiler. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berbahan bakar batubara masih menjadi penghasil listrik utama serta ketersediaan LRC di Indonesia sangat melimpah. Namun, emisi karbon yang dihasilkan menimbulkan dampak lingkungan signifikan. Sebagai solusi, metode co-firing dengan biomassa, seperti serbuk gergaji (sawdust) diterapkan untuk mengurangi emisi serta hal ini juga sebagai pemanfaatan batubara LRC. Studi numerik ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi sudut kemiringan (tilting) burner tangensial, dengan sebagian diarahkan ke atas (+5°, +10°, +15°) dan sebagian tetap horizontal menggunakan bahan bakar co-firing batubara Low Rank Coal (LRC) dan 10% serbuk gergaji (sawdust) terhadap distribusi temperatur, profil kecepatan, emisi gas buang (CO₂, CO, SO₂, NOx), serta evaluasi potensi slagging dan fouling pada boiler PLTU 300 MW tipe Tangentially Fired. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ANSYS Fluent dengan validasi error di bawah 5%. Variasi penelitian mencakup tiga nilai kalor batubara (4300, 4000, dan 3800 kcal/kg) yang dicampur dengan 10% sawdust. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan sudut tilting menggeser zona pembakaran ke atas, meningkatkan temperatur FEGT dari 1128°C pada sudut 0° menjadi 1152°C pada sudut +15° untuk HHV 4300 kcal/kg+10% sawdust, 1126°C pada sudut 0° menjadi 1150 °C pada sudut +15° untuk HHV 4000 kcal/kg+10% sawdust , 1148°C pada sudut 0° menjadi 1157°C pada sudut +15° untuk HHV 3800 kcal/kg+10% sawdust. Dari sisi emisi, pada HHV 4300 kcal/kg+10% sawdust, HHV 4000 kcal/kg+10% sawdust, HHV 3800 kcal/kg+10% sawdust sudut +15° menurunkan fraksi massa CO₂ di outlet menjadi (0,2232; 0,226; 0,229) dari (0,2265; 0,2254; 0,2311) pada 0°, namun meningkatkan emisi CO menjadi (0,0004056; 0,0006491; 0,0004513) dari (0,0004414; 0,0005489; 0,0004026) yang mengindikasikan pembakaran kurang sempurna. Emisi NOx cenderung turun pada sudut +15° pada tiap variasi HHV cofiring. Lalu, emisi SO2 tetap stabil dan tidak terpengaruh oleh sudut tilting pada tiap variasi nya. Analisis slagging dan fouling berdasarkan temperatur leleh abu (AFT) menunjukkan bahwa slagging tidak terjadi karena temperatur gas maksimum (1225°C) masih di bawah batas fluid temperature ash (>1349°C), sementara risiko fouling lebih dominan.
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Coal-fired steam Power Plant (PLTU) fueled by coal remains the primary electricity generator, and the availability of Low Rank Coal (LRC) in Indonesia is abundant. However, the carbon emissions produced have significant environmental impacts. As a solution, the co-firing method with biomass, such as sawdust, is applied to reduce emissions and utilize LRC coal. This numerical study analyzes the effect of varying the tilting angles of tangential burners—partially directed upward (+5°, +10°, +15°) and partially kept horizontal—using co-firing fuel of Low Rank Coal (LRC) and 10% sawdust on temperature distribution, velocity profiles, flue gas emissions (CO₂, CO, SO₂, NOx), and evaluation of slagging and fouling potential in a 300 MW Tangentially Fired boiler. The simulation was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent with validation error below 5%. The research variations included three coal heating values (4300, 4000, and 3800 kcal/kg) mixed with 10% sawdust. The simulation results show that increasing the tilting angle shifts the combustion zone upward, raising the FEGT from 1128°C at 0° to 1152°C at +15° for HHV 4300 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust, from 1126°C at 0° to 1150°C at +15° for HHV 4000 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust, and from 1148°C at 0° to 1157°C at +15° for HHV 3800 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust. In terms of emissions, for HHV 4300 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust, HHV 4000 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust, and HHV 3800 kcal/kg + 10% sawdust, the +15° angle reduced the CO₂ mass fraction at the outlet to (0.2232; 0.226; 0.229) from (0.2265; 0.2254; 0.2311) at 0°, but increased CO emissions to (0.0004056; 0.0006491; 0.0004513) from (0.0004414; 0.0005489; 0.0004026), indicating incomplete combustion. NOx emissions tended to decrease at the +15° angle for each HHV co-firing variation. Meanwhile, SO₂ emissions remained stable and were not affected by the tilting angle in each variation. Slagging and fouling analysis based on Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) showed that slagging did not occur because the maximum gas temperature (1225°C) was still below the ash fluid temperature limit (>1349°C), while fouling risk was more dominant.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cofiring, HHV, Low Rank Coal, Sawdust, Tilting Burner, Cofiring, HHV, Low Rank Coal, Sawdust, Tilting Burner
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Bryan Rayhan Putra Gharzian
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2026 08:02
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2026 08:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131670

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