Studi Optimasi Pola Tanam Di Daerah Irigasi Pondoksalam, Kecamatan Pondoksalam, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat

Nugroho, Adrian Adi (2026) Studi Optimasi Pola Tanam Di Daerah Irigasi Pondoksalam, Kecamatan Pondoksalam, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permasalahan irigasi di Daerah Irigasi Pondoksalam, Kecamatan Pondoksalam, Kabupaten Purwakarta, tidak hanya berkaitan dengan ketersediaan dan pemanfaatan debit irigasi, tetapi juga dengan ketidakefisienan pemilihan kombinasi komoditas tanaman yang dibudidayakan petani. Pola tanam eksisting yang didominasi oleh penanaman padi secara berulang belum mampu menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomi yang optimal, meskipun debit intake bendung yang tersedia relatif mencukupi. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa permasalahan utama bukan terletak pada keterbatasan air, melainkan pada belum optimalnya pemanfaatan air melalui pemilihan jenis tanaman dan pengaturan luas tanam. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya optimasi pola tanam yang berfokus pada peningkatan efisiensi ekonomi dengan tetap mempertahankan sistem distribusi air dan kalender tanam yang telah berjalan agar dapat diterapkan secara realistis oleh petani. Proyek akhir ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi pola tanam dan luas tanam paling optimal berdasarkan ketersediaan air irigasi dan keuntungan ekonomi dengan tetap mengikuti kalender tanam eksisting. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pola tanam eksisting padi–padi memiliki intensitas tanam 196%, kebutuhan air puncak 2.270 l/dt pada tahap olah tanah, serta keuntungan Rp111.872.000.000 dengan BCR 1,6, namun masih mengalami defisit air pada awal musim tanam kedua. Analisis dilakukan melalui perhitungan debit ketersediaan air dari intake Bendung Pondoksalam, kebutuhan air irigasi berdasarkan KP-01 Perencanaan Irigasi, dan optimasi menggunakan pemrograman linier dengan variabel keputusan luas tanam tiap komoditas pada tiga musim tanam, dengan komoditas dibatasi pada padi dan palawija sesuai kondisi dan kebijakan setempat. Melalui optimasi, diperoleh skenario terbaik berupa MT1 padi 215 ha dan jagung 1.338 ha, MT2 padi 708 ha dan jagung 845 ha, serta MT3 padi 100 ha dan bawang merah 815 ha dengan intensitas tanam 259%, kebutuhan air lebih rendah tanpa defisit pada fase sensitif tanaman, serta keuntungan meningkat signifikan menjadi Rp310.680.989.878 dengan BCR > 1,2. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pendapatan petani dapat dicapai melalui optimasi jenis tanaman dan luas tanam tanpa intervensi terhadap sistem distribusi air eksisting, baik dari sisi pembagian air, maupun kalender tanam
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Irrigation problems in the Pondoksalam Irrigation Area, Pondoksalam District, Purwakarta Regency, are not only related to the availability and utilization of irrigation discharge, but also to inefficiencies in the selection of crop commodity combinations cultivated by farmers. The existing cropping pattern, which is dominated by repeated rice cultivation, has not been able to generate optimal economic returns, even though the available intake discharge from the weir is relatively sufficient. This condition indicates that the main problem does not lie in water scarcity, but rather in the suboptimal utilization of water through crop selection and the allocation of cultivated area. Therefore, an optimization of the cropping pattern is required, focusing on improving economic efficiency while maintaining the existing water distribution system and cropping calendar, so that it can be realistically implemented by farmers. This final project aims to determine the optimal combination of cropping patterns and cultivated areas based on irrigation water availability and economic returns, while adhering to the existing cropping calendar. The analysis shows that the existing rice–rice cropping pattern has a cropping intensity of 196%, a peak water demand of 2,270 L/s during the land preparation stage, and generates a profit of IDR 111,872,000,000 with a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.6; however, it still experiences water deficits at the beginning of the second planting season. The analysis includes the calculation of water availability discharge based on intake data from the Pondoksalam Weir, irrigation water requirement analysis based on KP-01 Irrigation Planning guidelines, and optimization using linear programming with decision variables in the form of cultivated area for each commodity across three planting seasons, with commodities limited to rice and secondary crops in accordance with local conditions and agricultural policies. Through optimization, the best scenario obtained consists of rice (215 ha) and maize (1,338 ha) in the first planting season, rice (708 ha) and maize (845 ha) in the second planting season, and rice (100 ha) and shallots (815 ha) in the third planting season. This scenario results in a cropping intensity of 259%, lower water requirements without deficits during sensitive crop growth stages, and a significant increase in profit to IDR 310,680,989,878 with a BCR greater than 1.2. These results indicate that increased farmer income can be achieved through the optimization of crop types and cultivated areas without intervention in the existing water distribution system, either in terms of water allocation mechanisms or the cropping calendar

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	optimasi, pola tanam, linear programming, irigasi, keuntungan ekonomi.
Subjects:	T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC812 Irrigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Adrian Adi Nugroho
Date Deposited:	04 Mar 2026 06:51
Last Modified:	04 Mar 2026 06:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131885

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