Perancangan dan Analisis Material Komponen Alat Pengangkat Kendaraan Screw Propeller

Firdaus, Jessonico (2026) Perancangan dan Analisis Material Komponen Alat Pengangkat Kendaraan Screw Propeller. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kendaraan screw-propeller merupakan kendaraan khusus yang dirancang untuk beroperasi pada medan dengan daya dukung tanah rendah, seperti lahan gambut, namun memiliki keterbatasan mobilitas ketika harus dipindahkan melalui permukaan dengan kepadatan tanah tinggi, seperti jalan aspal, karena berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan pada infrastruktur jalan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan suatu sistem alat pengangkat yang mampu memfasilitasi proses mobilisasi kendaraan screw-propeller secara aman dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perancangan dan analisis kekuatan struktur alat pengangkat kendaraan screw-propeller serta menentukan material penyusun yang paling efisien berdasarkan kriteria teknis dan ekonomis. Pemodelan geometri tiga dimensi alat pengangkat dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor, sedangkan analisis struktural dilakukan dengan metode elemen hingga (Finite Element Method) melalui pendekatan Static Structural analysis pada perangkat lunak ANSYS 2023 R1. Simulasi dilakukan dengan pembebanan statik setara berat kendaraan sebesar 3,5ton dan melibatkan tiga jenis material, yaitu ASTM A36, Low Alloy Steel 4140, dan ASTM A283 Grade D. Tiga jenis material tersebut, dipilih berdasarkan pada ketersediaan stok yang ada pada marketplace di Indonesia. Parameter evaluasi yang digunakan meliputi tegangan ekuivalen maksimum, deformasi total, serta faktor keamanan Minimum. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa tegangan ekuivalen maksimum yang terjadi pada struktur untuk ketiga jenis material berada pada kisaran 33 MPa dan seluruhnya masih jauh di bawah batas kekuatan luluh masing-masing material. Nilai maximum equivalent stress hampir sama karena pada analisis statik. Dikarenakan tegangan ditentukan oleh geometri, pembebanan, dan boundary condition. Karena ketiga parameter tersebut dibuat sama untuk semua jenis material, maka distribusi dan nilai maksimum tegangan yang dihasilkan juga relatif sama. Perbedaan material lebih memengaruhi deformasi dan faktor keamanan. Nilai deformasi maksimum yang dihasilkan relatif kecil, dengan deformasi terendah diperoleh pada Low Alloy Steel 4140 sebesar 0,2106 mm, sementara ASTM A36 dan ASTM A283 Grade D masing-masing menghasilkan deformasi sebesar 0,2234 mm dan 0,2217 mm. Dari sisi faktor keamanan, Low Alloy Steel 4140 memiliki nilai faktor keamanan Minimum tertinggi sebesar 15, sedangkan ASTM A36 dan ASTM A283 Grade D masing-masing menghasilkan nilai faktor keamanan Minimum sebesar 7,3769 dan 6,7535, yang menunjukkan bahwa seluruh jenis material memenuhi kriteria keamanan struktur statik. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis efisiensi biaya melalui pendekatan Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) dengan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Pendekatan Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) ini menyediakan kerangka evaluasi yang sistematis dan objektif guna membandingkan, memberi peringkat, serta menentukan alternatif yang paling sesuai dari sejumlah pilihan yang tersedia. Dari perhitungan AHP, didapatkan jenis material ASTM A283D memiliki ranking 1 dengan skor total 0,9882. Jenis material tersebut mendapatkan ranking 1 dikarenakan memiliki skor tertinggi pada Max. equivalent stress, Max. deformation, dan Min. Safety factor.
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Screw-propeller vehicles are specifically designed to operate on soft ground with low bearing capacity, such as peatlands. However, their mobility is limited when Transportation over high-density surfaces, such as asphalt roads, is required, as direct Contact may cause damage to road infrastructure. To address this issue, a dedicated lifting mechanism is required to enable safe and efficient mobilization of screw-propeller vehicles. This study focuses on the design and structural performance analysis of a screw-propeller vehicle lifting device, as well as the selection of the most suitable structural material based on mechanical performance and cost efficiency. A three-dimensional model of the lifting system was developed using Autodesk Inventor, while structural analysis was conducted using the Finite Element Method through Static Structural analysis in ANSYS 2023 R1. The simulation was performed under a static load corresponding to a vehicle weight of 3.5 tons and evaluated using three different materials: ASTM A36, Low Alloy Steel 4140, and ASTM A283 Grade D. These three types of materials were selected based on stock availability in the marketplace in Indonesia. The structural performance was assessed based on Maximum Equivalent Stress, Total Deformation, and Minimum Safety Factor. The simulation results indicate that the Maximum Equivalent Stress for all material variations is approximately 33 MPa, which is significantly lower than the Yield Strength limits of each material. The maximum equivalent stress value is nearly the same in static analysis. This is because stress is determined by geometry, loading, and boundary conditions. Since these three parameters are kept the same for all material types, the resulting stress distribution and maximum value are also relatively similar. Material differences have a greater impact on deformation and safety factors. The Total Deformation values obtained are relatively small, with Low Alloy Steel 4140 exhibiting the lowest deformation of 0.2106 mm, followed by ASTM A283 Grade D and ASTM A36 with deformation values of 0.2217 mm and 0.2234 mm, respectively. In terms of structural safety, Low Alloy Steel 4140 demonstrates the highest Minimum Safety Factor of 15, whereas ASTM A36 and ASTM A283 Grade D yield Minimum Safety Factors of 7.3769 and 6.7535. All materials therefore satisfy the static safety requirements. Next, a cost-efficiency analysis was conducted using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach provides a systematic and objective evaluation framework for comparing, ranking, and determining the most appropriate alternative from a range of available options. From the AHP calculation, the ASTM A283D material type was ranked 1 with a total score of 0.9882. This material type was ranked 1 because it had the highest scores for Max. equivalent stress, Max. deformation, and Min. Safety factor.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Screw-propeller, Alat Pengangkat, Metode Elemen Hingga, Analisis Struktur Statik, Efisiensi Material, Lifting System, Finite Element Method, Static Structural Analysis, Material Selection.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS171 Product design T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Jessonico Firdaus
Date Deposited:	04 Feb 2026 07:35
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2026 07:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132120

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