Aprilia, Putu Widhi (2022) Analisis Dampak Biaya Operasional Kapal Terhadap Efisiensi Biaya Distribusi Pupuk Dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pupuk mempunyai peranan penting untuk menunjang produktivitas produk pertanian dan ketahanan pangan. Naiknya harga pupuk non – subsidi dapat mengganggu produktivitas pertanian dan berimbas terhadap harga bahan pangan di pasaran. Melonjaknya harga pokok produksi (HPP) pupuk dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti pandemi global, naiknya harga bahan baku pupuk impor seperti phosphate rock, amoniak dan KCI, tingginya biaya distribusi pupuk, hingga melonjaknya harga gas dan minyak bumi di pasar internasional. Tingginya biaya transportasi yang disebabkan oleh inefisiensi biaya operasional kapal merupakan suatu permasalahan yang dapat dikontrol dan perlu diselesaikan untuk memberikan harga produk pupuk yang lebih kompetitif. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menghasilkan pemodelan sistem dinamik untuk mensimulasikan dan memecahkan masalah distribusi pupuk di Dumai, Pangkal Pinang dan Bengkulu. Simulasi distribusi pupuk dilakukan untuk mendapatkan biaya operasional yang minimal berdasarkan dua alternatif model yang dikembangkan. Minimalisasi biaya operasional kapal dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa variabel seperti, demand pupuk di setiap tujuan, kecepatan kapal, rute kapal, serta operasional mesin kapal saat berlayar hingga beroperasi di Pelabuhan dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik. Kedua model simulasi dijalankan untuk mengembangkan hubungan dinamis antara variabel. Hasil dari simulasi seluruh skenario distribusi pupuk kemudian dianalisis dan dibandingkan untuk mendapatkan biaya operasional distribusi pupuk yang paling minimal dengan memvariasikan variabel kapasitas kapal, kecepatan, rute dan operasional sistem permesinan kapal. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario milk run memiliki biaya terendah dibanding dengan skenario single trip. Dengan menerapkan skema milk run pada proses distribusi pupuk di luar Jawa, dapat meminimalkan biaya hingga 16% lebih rendah dibanding dengan menerapkan skema single trip.
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Fertilizer has an important role to support the productivity of agricultural products and food security. The increase in the price of non-subsidized fertilizers can disrupt agricultural productivity and have an impact on food prices on the market. The increase of production cost (HPP) of fertilizer was influenced by several factors, such as the global pandemic, rising prices of imported fertilizer raw materials such as phosphate rock, ammonia and KCI, high fertilizer distribution costs, and fluctuating gas and oil prices. The high cost of transportation caused by the inefficiency of ship operating costs is a problem that can be controlled and needs to be resolved to provide a more competitive price for fertilizer products. This paper attempts to generate system dynamics modelling to simulate and solve this problem in order to reduce total distribution cost. A case study of distribution fertilizer in Dumai, Pangkal Pinang, and Bengkulu were performed. Fertilizer distribution simulation is carried out to obtain minimal operational costs based on two alternative models developed and the minimalization of ship operational costs is carried out by considering several variabels such as fertilizer demand at each destination, ship speed, ship routes, and ship engine operations when sailing to operating at the port using a system dynamics approach. Various simulation models are run to develop dynamic relationships between variabels. Then, the results from the simulation of all fertilizer distribution models are analyzed and compared to obtain the most minimal fertilizer distribution operational costs by choosing the speed, route, and operation of the engine system on the ship. The simulation results show that the milk run scenario has the lowest cost compared to the single trip scenario When applying the milk run scheme to the fertilizer distribution process outside Java, costs can be minimized up to 16% lower than applying the single trip scheme.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Distribusi, Kapal, Pupuk, Sistem Dinamik, Sistem Permesinan, System Dynamic, Distribution, Fertilizer, Machinery System, Ship |
| Subjects: | V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Marsudiyana - |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2026 04:22 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Feb 2026 04:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132549 |
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