Model Optimisasi Perencanaan Strategis dan Operasional Terintegrasi Armada Kapal LNG dengan Pendekatan Algoritma Genetika

Hadi, Firmanto (2026) Model Optimisasi Perencanaan Strategis dan Operasional Terintegrasi Armada Kapal LNG dengan Pendekatan Algoritma Genetika. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Gas alam cair (Liquefied Natural Gas – LNG) berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi di wilayah kepulauan, di mana distribusi gas berbasis pipa tidak lagi praktis dan ekonomis. Dalam skema kontrak Free on Board (FOB) yang dikelola pembeli, seluruh tanggung jawab logistik berada pada pihak pembeli, sehingga diperlukan perencanaan jangka panjang yang terintegrasi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka kerja optimisasi dua tahap untuk perencanaan rantai pasok LNG pada tingkat strategis dan operasional dengan permintaan deterministik yang bertumbuh, menggunakan algoritma genetika. Tahap strategis menentukan struktur jaringan distribusi, klasterisasi pelabuhan, konfigurasi armada kapal, serta kapasitas infrastruktur terminal yang diturunkan secara endogen dengan mempertimbangkan kendala operasional. Tahap ini diselesaikan menggunakan Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP). Tahap operasional, mengoptimalkan rute pelayaran dalam setiap klaster dengan pendekatan Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP).
Model diterapkan pada studi kasus distribusi LNG untuk program gasifikasi pembangkit listrik di wilayah Indonesia Timur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa struktur jaringan yang optimal bergantung pada karakteristik sistem. Pada beberapa kondisi, struktur hub-and-spoke lebih efisien, sedangkan pada kondisi lain, struktur direct call menjadi lebih optimal. Pemilihan struktur jaringan, klasterisasi pelabuhan, konfigurasi armada, serta kebutuhan investasi infrastruktur dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh interaksi antara kendala logistik hulu dan distribusi permintaan di sisi hilir.
Kerangka kerja yang diusulkan mampu membantu pembeli merencanakan rantai pasok LNG secara end-to-end jangka panjang dalam berbagai kondisi geografis, jumlah pelabuhan dan variasi permintaan, yang efektif dan mendukung perencanaan menyeluruh di kawasan kepulauan.
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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a key role in supplying energy to archipelagic regions, where pipeline-based distribution is impractical and uneconomical. Under a buyer-managed Free on Board (FOB) contract scheme, where logistics responsibility lies entirely with the buyer, an integrated long-term planning approach is necessitated. This study develops a two-stage optimization framework for LNG supply chain planning at both strategic and operational levels under deterministic demand growth, using a genetic algorithm.
The strategic stage determines the distribution network structure, port clustering, fleet configuration, and terminal infrastructure capacity, which are derived endogenously while considering operational constraints. This stage is solved using a Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) approach. The operational stage optimizes routing within each cluster using a Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) formulation.
The model is applied to a case study of LNG distribution for power plant gasification programs in Eastern Indonesia. The results indicate that the optimal network structure is context-dependent. In some cases, a hub-and-spoke configuration provides higher efficiency, while in others, a direct call structure becomes more optimal. Network structure, fleet configuration, and infrastructure requirements are influenced by the interaction between upstream logistical constraints and downstream demand distribution.
The proposed framework enables buyers to plan an effective end-to-end LNG supply chain and support comprehensive planning across archipelagic regions under various geographical conditions, port numbers, and demand variations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LNG supply chain, Free on Board, Delivery Ex-Ship, Hub-and-spoke, direct call, optimisasi infratruktur, perencanaan terintegrasi ============================================ LNG supply chain, Free on Board, Delivery Ex-ship, hub-and-spoke, direct call, infrastructure optimization, integrated planning
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE147.6 Transportation--Planning H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE564.A1 Shipping
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Ocean Engineering > 38001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Hadi Firmanto
Date Deposited:	13 Apr 2026 06:51
Last Modified:	13 Apr 2026 06:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132782

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