Recovery Timah dari Sn-Pb Alloy untuk Sintesis Timah (IV) Oksida (SnO2)

Amalia, Lailyta Shafira (2024) Recovery Timah dari Sn-Pb Alloy untuk Sintesis Timah (IV) Oksida (SnO2). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah dari hasil proses pengolahan bijih timah dinilai masih berpotensi mengandung unsur logam timah. Salah satu limbah pengolahan timah dari PT Timah Tbk yaitu Sn-Pb alloy, merupakan paduan dari 75% unsur timah dan 24,3% unsur timbal. Produk timah yang dapat dipasarkan adalah produk yang memiliki kandungan timah 99,99%. Sehingga, produk timah yang memiliki unsur timbal melebihi batas (<300 ppm) tidak dapat dipasarkan, dan tergolong sebagai limbah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya proses recovery timah dari limbah pengolahan timah, yaitu Sn-Pb alloy. Pada penelitian ini, recovery timah dilakukan dengan metode leaching dan menggunakan asam klorida sebagai solvent. Proses leaching dilakukan dengan memvariasikan variabel konsentrasi pelarut, suhu, dan waktu leaching. Variasi yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi larutan HCl 1-7 M, suhu hotplate 90°C, 120°C, 150°C, dan waktu proses selama 6, 12, dan 24 jam. Filtrat leaching diuji dengan instrumen AAS sehingga didapatkan konsentrasi dari timah. Recovery Sn terbanyak terdapat pada sampel dengan larutan HCl 5 M, suhu proses 90°C, dan waktu leaching selama 24 jam yaitu sebesar 99,6%. SnCl2 sebagai produk filtrat, digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis SnO2 dengan mengoksidasi filtrat sehingga menghasilkan SnCl4 yang kemudian dipresipitasi dengan menggunakan larutan amoniak sebagai agen pengendap. Presipitat yang telah dikalsinasi menghasilkan serbuk SnO2 berwarna putih-kuning pucat. SnO2 dianalisis menggunakan instrumen XRD untuk mengetahui kristalinitas senyawa yang terdapat pada produk tersebut dan didapatkan puncak difraksi pada (110), (101), dan (211) yang menunjukkan kristalit SnO2 memiliki fasa rutil dengan struktur tetragonal.
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Waste from tin ore processing is considered to still potentially contain tin metal. One of the tin processing wastes from PT Timah Tbk is Sn-Pb alloy, which is a mixture of 75% tin and 24.3% lead. The marketable tin product is a product that has a tin content of 99.99%. Therefore, tin products that contain lead in excess of the limit (<300 ppm) cannot be marketed, and are classified as waste. Therefore, a tin recovery process is needed from tin processing waste, namely Sn-Pb alloy. In this study, tin recovery was carried out by the leaching method and using hydrochloric acid as the solvent. The leaching process was carried out by varying the variables of solvent concentration, temperature, and leaching time. The variations used were HCl solution concentrations of 1-7 M, hotplate temperatures of 90°C, 120°C, and 150°C, and process times of 6, 12, and 24 hours. The leaching filtrate was tested with an AAS instrument to obtain the concentration of tin. The highest Sn recovery was found in samples with a 5 M HCl solution, a process temperature of 90°C, and a leaching time of 24 hours, which was 99,6%. SnCl2 as a filtrate product was used as a precursor for the synthesis of SnO2 by oxidizing the filtrate to produce SnCl4, which was then precipitated using an ammonia solution as a precipitating agent. The calcined precipitate produced a pale yellow-white SnO2 powder. SnO2 was analyzed using an XRD instrument to determine the crystallinity of the compounds in the product, and diffraction peaks were obtained at (110), (101), and (211), indicating that the SnO2 crystallite had a rutile phase with a tetragonal structure.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Leaching, Recovery, Oksidasi, Sintesis SnO2, Sn-Pb alloy, Oxidation, Synthesis SnO2
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Lailyta Shafira Amalia
Date Deposited:	20 Apr 2026 08:45
Last Modified:	20 Apr 2026 08:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/132817

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