Pra-Desain Pabrik Gliserol Monostearat Dengan Metode Esterifikasi.

Widiansyah, Muhammad Rakha and Aulia, Ridha Dina (2022) Pra-Desain Pabrik Gliserol Monostearat Dengan Metode Esterifikasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Gliserol Monostearat (GMS) merupakan salah satu jenis surfaktan yang banyak digunakan sebagai agen pengemulsi pada industri makanan terutama di sektor kue (bakery) yang bertujuan untuk menjaga kestabilan suatu emulsi. GMS juga banyak digunakan pada industri makanan sebagai thickener, emulsifying agent untuk makanan, pada industri farmasi dan kosmetik digunakan sebagai solvent, dan juga banyak digunakan dalam industri polymer yaitu plastik, karet, dan juga bahan pembuat ban. Namun, banyaknya kebutuhan GMS di Indonesia tidak di dukung dengan adanya supply gliserol monostearat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Menurut data dari Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia, diketahui data impor untuk GMS di Indonesia dari tahun 2016 sampai 2020 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 23,8% per tahun, Dimana pada tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,31% dengan jumlah impor 5.769.012 kg saat pandemik Covid-19. Saat ini, industri yang memproduksi surfaktan di Indonesia masih memakai bahan baku yang berasal dari minyak bumi dan tidak terbarukan (surfaktan sintetis). Sementara itu surfaktan sintetis ini tidak ramah lingkungan dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan substitusi bahan baku surfaktan yang ramah lingkungan serta biodegradable, mengingat pemanfaatan surfaktan yang sangat luas dalam berbagai industri di Indonesia. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu 24 jam selama 330 hari per tahun dengan kapasitas produksi 6.081 ton/tahun dengan kebutuhan bahan baku utama berupa asam stearat sebanyak 5.742,28 ton/tahun dan gliserol sebanyak 1.896,1 ton/tahun. Untuk menggunakan lokasi pabrik digunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP) menggunaakan software Expert Choice didapatkan hasil overall untuk Tangerang, Gresik, dan Medan adalah 5,341; 7,144; dan 7,515. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan pabrik direncanakan akan didirikan pada tahun 2024 di daerah Medan, Sumatera Utara, tepatnya di Kawasan Industri Medan. Proses pembuatan gliserol monostearat (GMS) dibagi menjadi empat tahapan proses utama di antaranya tahap pre-treatment, tahap esterifikasi, tahap pemurnian, dan tahap solidifikasi. Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 40% biaya investasi dan pinjaman sebesar 60% biaya investasi dengan bunga sebesar 8% per tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan ekonomi, diperoleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp931.514.220.331 ; laju pengembalian modal / Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 21,436%; laju inflasi sebesar 1,87% per tahun, waktu pengembalian modal / Pay Out Time (POT) sebesar 4,14 tahun, dan period of construction selama 24 bulan.
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Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a type of surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifying agent in the food industry, especially in the bakery sector, which aims to maintain the stability of an emulsion. GMS is also widely used in the food industry as a thickener, emulsifying agent for food, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries it is used as a solvent, and is also widely used in the polymer industry, namely plastics, rubber, and tires. However, the large number of GMS needs in Indonesia is not supported by the supply of glycerol monostearate to meet these needs. According to data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, it is known that import data for GMS in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 increased by 23.8% per year, where in 2020 it decreased by 3.31% with a total import of 5,769,012 kg during the pandemic. Covid-19. Currently, industries that produce surfactants in Indonesia still use raw materials derived from petroleum and non-renewable (synthetic surfactants). Meanwhile, synthetic surfactants are not environmentally friendly and can cause various health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute surfactant raw materials that are environmentally friendly and biodegradable, considering the wide use of surfactants in various industries in Indonesia. The factory is planned to operate continuously 24 hours for 330 days per year with a production capacity of 6,081 tons/year with the main raw material needs in the form of stearic acid as much as 5,742.28 tons/year and glycerol as much as 1,896.1 tons/year. To use the factory location, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was used using the Expert Choice software. The overall results for Tangerang, Gresik, and Medan were 5,341; 7,144; and 7,515. So, it can be concluded that the factory is planned to be established in 2024 in the Medan area, North Sumatra, precisely in the Medan Industrial Estate. The process of making glycerol monostearate (GMS) is divided into four main process stages including the pre-treatment stage, the esterification stage, the purification stage, and the solidification stage. The source of investment funds comes from own capital at 40% of investment costs and loans of 60% of investment costs with an interest of 8% per year. Based on economic calculations, obtained a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp931,514,220,331; the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.436%; inflation rate of 1.87% per year, Pay Out Time (POT) of 4.14 years, and period of construction for 24 months.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSK 668.2 Wid p-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Emulsi, Esterifikasi, GMS, Kawasan, Surfaktan. Area, Emulsion, Esterification, GMS, Surfactant.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	08 May 2026 06:40
Last Modified:	08 May 2026 06:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/133078

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