Pemodelan Bangunan Tiga Dimensi Tingkat LOD 2.0 Dengan Memanfaatkan Data Lidar Dan Orthophoto (Studi Kasus: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya).

Kumalasari, Izzah Aryana (2022) Pemodelan Bangunan Tiga Dimensi Tingkat LOD 2.0 Dengan Memanfaatkan Data Lidar Dan Orthophoto (Studi Kasus: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemodelan tiga dimensi suatu objek menjadi salah satu kebutuhan penting dalam banyak bidang dibandingkan dengan pemodelan dua dimensi. Hal tersebut terjadi karena model tiga dimensi memiliki kelebihan tampilan yang lebih interaktif dan representatif. Pemodelan tiga dimensi dibutuhkan beberapa data, seperti foto udara berupa orthophoto dan data LiDAR berupa data DTM dan DSM, serta data footprint bangunan. Foto udara berupa orthophoto digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi terkait lokasi objek, bentuk objek, kondisi eksisting pada lokasi penelitian, dan klasifikasi visual terhadap objek dengan menggunakan teknik on screen digitasi. Informasi ketinggian bangunan dapat diperoleh dari data LiDAR. Model bangunan tiga dimensi dapat digunakan untuk monitoring pembangunan atau restrukturisasi terkait perencanaan, sarana, dan prasarana di suatu wilayah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode semi-automatis, dalam hal penerapan roof rule dilakukan secara otomatis serta perlu melakukan pengecekkan manual dan modifikasi roof rule. Model yang dihasilkan adalah LOD 2.0. LOD (Level of Details) merupakan suatu tingkat detail dari objek atau kumpulan poligon, semakin tinggi tingkat LOD maka semakin mendekati model yang sebenarnya. Selanjutnya dilakukan klasifikasi bangunan berdasarkan tinggi bangunan dan fungsi bangunan. Tipe atap yang dihasilkan memiliki empat jenis, yaitu 101 atap datar (flat), 221 atap pelana (gable), 61 atap limas (hip), dan 7 atap shed. Kesalahan pada pemodelan disebabkan oleh segmentasi atap yang kurang atau lebih. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pengulangan segmentasi atap. Uji akurasi yang dilakukan pada geometri bangunan sebagai informasi geometri, didapatkan hasil RMSE keliling 1,585 meter dan presentase beda luas sebesar 0,022%, RMSE tersebut memiliki nilai yang masuk toleransi dari nilai standar yang sudah ditetapkan oleh OGC sebesar 2 meter dan PMNA BPN sebesar 2%. Kemudian untuk uji validasi tinggi, luas, dan keliling yang dilakukan pada tiga bangunan diperolah hasil RMSE tinggi 0,2908 meter, RMSE keliling 5,564 meter, dan presentase beda luas 0,598%. Nilai RMSE keliling tidak memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh OGC sebesar 2 meter. hal tersebut bisa saja terjadi akibat kesalahan pada saat pengukuran, baik di human error atau alat yang digunakan. Informasi semantik dari hasil tiga dimensi berdasarkan penelitian Biljecki tahun 2017, LOD yang dihasilkan memenuhi visual LOD dengan tingkat LOD 2.0.
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Three-dimensional modeling of an object becomes one of the important requirements in many fields compared to two-dimensional modeling. This happens because the three-dimensional model has the advantage of a more interactive and representative display. Three-dimensional modeling requires some data, such as aerial photos in the form of orthophoto and LiDAR data in the form of DTM and DSM data, as well as building footprint data. Aerial photography in the form of orthophoto is used to obtain information related to the location of the object, the shape of the object, the existing conditions at the research site, and visual classification of objects using on-screen digitization techniques. Building height information can be obtained from LiDAR data. The three-dimensional building model can be used for monitoring development or restructuring related to planning, facilities, and infrastructure in an area. The method used is a semi-automatic method, in which the application of the roof rule is carried out automatically and it is necessary to manually check and modify the roof rule. The resulting model is LOD 2.0. LOD (Level of Details) is a level of detail of an object or collection of polygons, the higher the LOD level, the closer to the actual model. Furthermore, the classification of buildings is carried out based on the height of the building and the function of the building. The resulting roof type has four types, namely 101 flat roofs, 221 gable roofs, 61 pyramid roofs (hip), and 7 shed roofs. Errors in modeling are caused by less or more roof segmentation. This can be overcome by repeating the roof segmentation. The accuracy test carried out on the geometry of the building as geometric information, obtained the results of an RMSE around 1.585 meters and a percentage difference in area of 0.022%, the RMSE has a value that is within the tolerance of the standard value set by the OGC of 2 meters and the PMNA BPN of 2%. Then for the height, area, and perimeter validation tests carried out on three buildings, the results obtained were 0.2908 meters high RMSE, 5.564 meters circumference RMSE, and the percentage difference in area of 0.598%. The RMSE value of the circumference does not meet the standard set by the OGC of 2 meters. this can happen due to errors during measurement, either in human error or in the used tools. Semantic information from three-dimensional results based on Biljecki's research in 2017, the resulting LOD meets the visual LOD with an LOD level of 2.0.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSG 526.982 3 Uma k-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LiDAR, Level of Details, Orthophoto, Pemodelan Tiga Dimensi, Roof Rule. LiDAR, Level of Details, Orthophoto, Three Dimensional Modeling, Roof Rule.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA593 Orthophotography
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	20 May 2026 02:52
Last Modified:	20 May 2026 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/133260

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