Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Redundant Bag Filter Dibandingkan Multicyclone Pada Sistem Filtrasi Fly Ash PLTU Stoker

Syarif, Ahmad Asyari (2026) Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Redundant Bag Filter Dibandingkan Multicyclone Pada Sistem Filtrasi Fly Ash PLTU Stoker. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fly Ash merupakan limbah utama hasil pembakaran batubara pada PLTU stoker yang perlu dikendalikan karena dapat menimbulkan pencemaran udara, gangguan operasional, keluhan masyarakat, dan risiko ketidakpatuhan terhadap baku mutu emisi. Meskipun PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 mengubah status Fly Ash dan bottom ash dari PLTU tertentu, kewajiban pengelolaan lingkungan tetap berlaku. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan teknologi filtrasi Fly Ash perlu mempertimbangkan aspek teknis, ekonomi, lingkungan, pemeliharaan, ketersediaan suku cadang, dan kesiapan SDM secara terpadu. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi Redundant Bag filter pada PLTU Tidore dan Multicyclone pada PLTU Ropa menggunakan pendekatan tekno-ekonomi berbasis multi-kriteria. Kriteria evaluasi diturunkan dari indikator kinerja operasional pembangkit dan expert judgement, meliputi frekuensi gangguan, utilitas operasi, kinerja lingkungan, maintainability, spare part availability, labor availability, CAPEX, dan OPEX. Kriteria tersebut merepresentasikan keandalan operasi, kesinambungan produksi, kepatuhan lingkungan, efisiensi biaya, dan kesiapan pemeliharaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif komparatif dengan data primer dari observasi dan expert judgement, serta data sekunder dari laporan operasional, histori downtime, produksi energi, hasil uji emisi, biaya investasi, dan biaya operasi. Analisis dilakukan melalui evaluasi teknisekonomi, pembobotan kriteria menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pemeringkatan alternatif menggunakan Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), serta analisis sensitivitas terhadap discount rate dan tarif listrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Redundant Bag filter memiliki margin kepatuhan emisi sebesar 69,15 mg/Nm³, lebih baik dibandingkan Multicyclone sebesar 19,05 mg/Nm³. Hasil AHP menempatkan environmental sebagai kriteria tertinggi dengan bobot 30,71%, diikuti utilitas operasi 16,11%, frekuensi gangguan 13,38%, dan OPEX 11,48%. Hasil TOPSIS menunjukkan Redundant Bag filter memperoleh closeness coefficient 0,7775 dan menempati peringkat pertama, sedangkan Multicyclone memperoleh 0,2225. Secara ekonomi, Redundant Bag filter menghasilkan ROI 52,07%, NPV positif pada skenario discount rate 8%, 10%, dan 12%, serta Payback Period sekitar 1,92 tahun. Dengan demikian, Redundant Bag filter direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif filtrasi Fly Ash yang lebih baik secara tekno-ekonomi untuk PLTU stoker.
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Fly Ash is a major residue from coal combustion in stoker-type coal-fired power plants and must be controlled because it may cause air pollution, operational disturbances, public complaints, and non-compliance risks against emission standards. Although Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 changed the classification of Fly Ash and bottom ash from certain power plants, environmental management obligations remain applicable. Therefore, the selection of Fly Ash filtration technology should consider technical, economic, environmental, maintenance, spare part availability, and human resource readiness aspects in an integrated manner. This study evaluates the Redundant Bag filter at PLTU Tidore and the Multicyclone at PLTU Ropa using a techno-economic and multi-criteria approach. The evaluation criteria were derived from power plant operational performance indicators and expert judgement, including disturbance frequency, operational utility, environmental performance, maintainability, spare part availability, labor availability, CAPEX, and OPEX. These criteria represent operational reliability, energy production continuity, environmental compliance, cost efficiency, and maintenance readiness. This research applies a quantitative comparative method using primary data from field observation and expert judgement, as well as secondary data from operational reports, downtime history, energy production, emission test results, investment costs, and operating costs. The analysis includes technical-economic evaluation, criteria weighting using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), alternative ranking using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and sensitivity analysis on discount rate and electricity tariff. The results show that the Redundant Bag filter has a compliance margin of 69.15 mg/Nm³, which is better than the
Multicyclone at 19.05 mg/Nm³. The AHP results indicate that environmental performance has the highest weight at 30.71%, followed by operational utility at 16.11%, disturbance frequency at 13.38%, and OPEX at 11.48%. The TOPSIS results show that the Redundant Bag filter obtains a closeness coefficient of 0.7775 and ranks first, while the Multicyclone obtains 0.2225. Economically, the Redundant Bag filter generates an ROI of 52.07%, positive NPV under discount rate scenarios of 8%, 10%, and 12%, and a Payback Period of approximately 1.92 years. Therefore, the Redundant Bag filter is recommended as the more suitable Fly Ash filtration technology for stoker-type coal-fired power plants.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fly Ash, stoker power plant, Redundant Bag filter, Multicyclone, techno-economic analysis, AHP, TOPSIS, multi-criteria decision-making.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.F58 Fly ash T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M46 Membrane separation
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Ahmad Asy`ari Syarif
Date Deposited:	21 May 2026 02:16
Last Modified:	21 May 2026 02:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/133279

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