Analisis Ketidakseimbangan Distribusi Beban Antar Gandar (Axle Load Imbalance) Dalam Weighing Test Pada KRL KCI di PT. INKA (Persero)

Prasetya, Rizky Andhika (2025) Analisis Ketidakseimbangan Distribusi Beban Antar Gandar (Axle Load Imbalance) Dalam Weighing Test Pada KRL KCI di PT. INKA (Persero). Project Report. [s.n.], [s.l.]. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Weighing test merupakan salah satu pengujian penting yang dilakukan sebelum kereta api dioperasikan untuk memastikan distribusi beban pada setiap axle dan bogie memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan dan spesifikasi teknis. Distribusi beban yang tidak seimbang dapat menurunkan stabilitas kereta, mengurangi kenyamanan penumpang, mempercepat keausan roda dan rel, serta memengaruhi kinerja sistem suspensi, pengereman, dan traksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya axle load imbalance, menganalisis dampaknya terhadap performa operasional kereta, serta menjelaskan tindakan korektif yang dilakukan untuk mengembalikan distribusi beban sesuai standar. Metode yang digunakan berupa observasi langsung selama proses weighing test, studi dokumentasi hasil pengujian, serta analisis berdasarkan parameter yang diterapkan di PT INKA (Persero), yaitu deviasi distribusi beban antar roda kurang dari 4%, batas maksimum axle load sebesar 15 ton, dan total berat kereta sesuai spesifikasi masing-masing tipe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakseimbangan beban antar axle umumnya disebabkan oleh pengaturan ketinggian air spring yang kurang sesuai, ketebalan shim yang tidak optimal, serta pemasangan komponen yang tidak mengikuti layout yang telah ditentukan. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan salah satu roda menerima beban lebih besar dibandingkan roda lainnya sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan keausan komponen, menurunkan stabilitas kereta, dan meningkatkan risiko gangguan keselamatan selama operasi. Tindakan perbaikan dilakukan melalui penyesuaian tinggi air spring dan ketebalan shim sesuai standar PT INKA (Persero). Setelah dilakukan penyesuaian, distribusi beban kembali memenuhi parameter yang dipersyaratkan sehingga kereta dinyatakan layak untuk melanjutkan tahap pengujian berikutnya maupun dioperasikan.
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The weighing test is one of the essential procedures conducted before a railway vehicle is put into commercial operation to ensure that the load distribution on each axle and bogie complies with safety requirements and technical specifications. Uneven load distribution can reduce train stability, passenger comfort, and the performance of suspension, braking, and traction systems, while also accelerating wheel and rail wear. This study aims to identify the causes of axle load imbalance, analyze its effects on train operational performance, and describe the corrective actions required to restore load distribution in accordance with the applicable standards. The study was carried out through direct observation during the weighing test, documentation of test results, and analysis based on the acceptance criteria applied at PT INKA (Persero), including a maximum wheel load deviation of less than 4%, a maximum axle load of 15 tons, and a total vehicle weight that complies with the specifications of each car type. The results indicate that axle load imbalance is primarily caused by improper air spring height adjustment, inappropriate shim thickness, and incorrect component installation that does not conform to the specified layout. These conditions result in one wheel carrying a greater load than the other wheel on the same axle, leading to increased component wear, reduced train stability, and a higher risk of operational safety issues. Corrective actions are performed by adjusting the air spring height and shim thickness in accordance with PT INKA (Persero) standards. After these adjustments, the load distribution satisfies the specified acceptance criteria, indicating that the train is suitable to proceed to the next testing stage and is ready for safe operation.

Item Type:	Monograph (Project Report)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pengujian Penimbangan, ketidakseimbangan beban antar gandar, distribusi beban, pegas udara, shim, kereta api,weighing test,axle load imbalance, load distribution, air spring, shim, railway vehicle.
Subjects:	T Technology > TF Railroad engineering and operation > TF270 Railway structures and buildings T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS156 Quality Control. QFD. Taguchi methods (Quality control)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Rizky Andhika Prasetya
Date Deposited:	02 Jul 2026 08:43
Last Modified:	02 Jul 2026 08:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134216

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