Kajian Proses Bioaugmentasi Tanah Tercemar Kerosin

Paramata, Mulyani Zahra (2022) Kajian Proses Bioaugmentasi Tanah Tercemar Kerosin. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Setiap tahun produktivitas pembuatan aspal terus meningkat. Diketahui bahwa pada periode 2002–2011 produktivitas aspal meningkat tajam hingga lebih dari 100.000 kali lipat, dan diproyeksikan terus meningkat hingga saat ini. Peningkatan tersebut sejalan dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis pelarut dalam proses pembuatan aspal, salah satunya adalah kerosin. Penggunaan kerosin berpotensi menyebabkan pencemaran minyak bumi di lingkungan sekitar area penambangan aspal. Pencemaran tersebut dapat diremediasi menggunakan metode bioaugmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik dalam meremediasi tanah yang tercemar kerosin akibat aktivitas pengolahan aspal. Tahap awal penelitian dilakukan melalui peremajaan kultur bakteri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan media tanah tercemar kerosin menggunakan tiga variasi perbandingan pasir dan aspal, yaitu 25:75, 50:50, dan 75:25. Proses bioremediasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis ke dalam tanah tercemar, kemudian diamati penurunan kadar kerosin yang terjadi. Kadar kerosin dianalisis berdasarkan penurunan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) menggunakan metode gravimetri. Total jumlah bakteri dihitung menggunakan metode Colony Forming Unit (CFU) dengan teknik pour plate. Selain itu, parameter lain yang diamati meliputi pH, suhu, dan kadar air menggunakan soil pH meter, termometer tanah, dan analisis gravimetri. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan grafik dan uji statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penurunan TPH, jumlah serta jenis bakteri, dan tingkat pencemaran kerosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju penurunan konsentrasi TPH tertinggi oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa mencapai 541,23 mg/kg/hari, sedangkan oleh Bacillus subtilis sebesar 523,52 mg/kg/hari. Kedua jenis bakteri tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam menurunkan kadar TPH. Sebaliknya, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada ketiga variasi perbandingan pencemar. Variasi terbaik diperoleh pada perbandingan pasir:aspal sebesar 25:75, dengan rata-rata penurunan konsentrasi TPH sebesar 57,57% untuk Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sedangkan Bacillus subtilis menghasilkan rata-rata penyisihan TPH sebesar 44,95%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, variasi perbandingan 25:75 (pasir:aspal) merupakan kondisi paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar TPH karena memiliki laju degradasi TPH sebesar 1,7–1,8 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan variasi 50:50 dan 10–11 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan variasi 75:25.
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The productivity of asphalt production has continued to increase every year. Between 2002 and 2011, asphalt productivity increased dramatically by more than 100,000 times, and this trend is projected to continue. The increasing production is accompanied by the extensive use of various solvents during the asphalt manufacturing process, one of which is kerosene. The use of kerosene poses a potential risk of petroleum contamination in areas surrounding asphalt mining sites. Such contamination can be remediated through bioaugmentation. This study aims to evaluate the ability of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria to remediate kerosene-contaminated soil resulting from asphalt-related activities. The initial stage involved rejuvenating bacterial cultures, followed by the preparation of kerosene-contaminated media with three sand-to-asphalt ratios: 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The bioremediation process was conducted by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis into the contaminated soil, after which the reduction in kerosene concentration was monitored. Kerosene content was determined by measuring the reduction in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) using the gravimetric method. The total bacterial population was quantified using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) method with the pour plate technique. Additional parameters, including pH, temperature, and moisture content, were measured using a soil pH meter, soil thermometer, and gravimetric analysis, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using graphical and statistical methods to determine the relationship between TPH reduction, bacterial population and species, and kerosene contamination levels. The results showed that the highest TPH degradation rate achieved by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 541.23 mg/kg/day, while Bacillus subtilis reached 523.52 mg/kg/day. No significant difference was observed between the two bacterial species in reducing TPH concentrations. However, significant differences were found among the three contaminant ratio variations. The most effective treatment was obtained at the 25:75 sand-to-asphalt ratio, with an average TPH reduction of 57.57% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas Bacillus subtilis achieved an average TPH removal of 44.95%. Overall, the 25:75 (sand:asphalt) ratio proved to be the most effective condition for TPH degradation, exhibiting a degradation rate 1.7–1.8 times higher than the 50:50 ratio and 10–11 times higher than the 75:25 ratio.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aspal, B. Subtilis, Bioaugmentasi, P. Aeruginosa, Tanah tercemar kerosin, TPH, Asphalt, B. Subtilis, Bioaugmentation, Kerosene contaminated soil, P. Aeruginosa
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA443.A7 Asphalt
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	MUHAMMAD FAHMI ADIMAN
Date Deposited:	13 Jul 2026 06:26
Last Modified:	13 Jul 2026 06:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134793

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