Desain Sistem Pemancar Master Station dan Secondary Station dengan Radius Jangkauan 1000 KM untuk Sistem eLORAN

Fithri, Nurul Alya (2026) Desain Sistem Pemancar Master Station dan Secondary Station dengan Radius Jangkauan 1000 KM untuk Sistem eLORAN. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan sistem navigasi yang andal dan tahan gangguan terus meningkat, khususnya di sektor maritim. GNSS rentan terhadap jamming dan spoofing, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbasis darat. Salah satu kandidat utama adalah eLORAN (Enhanced Long Range Navigation), sistem navigasi radio frekuensi rendah (100 kHz) yang memanfaatkan propagasi gelombang permukaan (groundwave) dengan jangkauan hingga 1000 km. Penelitian ini menyusun analisis link budget, yaitu perhitungan seberapa kuat sinyal yang sampai di penerima, untuk menilai hubungan antara jenis lintasan, kebutuhan daya pancar, dan kualitas sinyal. Kuat sinyal dihitung dengan perangkat lunak resmi ITU, lalu diolah menjadi pelemahan sinyal (redaman) dan perbandingan sinyal terhadap noise (SNR), dan dianalisis dua arah. Pada perhitungan maju, bila hanya noise termal yang dihitung, semua tingkat daya bahkan 100 W terlihat layak menjangkau 1000 km, tetapi setelah ditambahkan noise atmosfer (Fa) dari sambaran petir yang besar di wilayah ekuator seperti Indonesia, hanya daya 100 kW dan 1 MW yang memenuhi syarat. Pada perhitungan mundur, daya minimum tanpa noise atmosfer hanya sekitar nanowatt sehingga noise termal terbukti bukan penghambat, sedangkan dengan noise atmosfer daya minimum menjadi sekitar 27 kW yang jauh lebih realistis dibanding model tanpa derau atmosfer. Fungsi Fa adalah membuat hasil perhitungan mendekati kondisi nyata. Pelemahan sinyal di lintasan laut naik dari 52,79 dB (100 km) menjadi 82,43 dB (1000 km), dan lintasan laut memberi kondisi propagasi terbaik dibanding daratan. Disimpulkan bahwa eLORAN layak menjangkau 1000 km pada kelas daya operasionalnya, dengan kebutuhan daya besar ditentukan oleh noise atmosfer dan bukan noise termal, sehingga direkomendasikan daya pancar kelas 1 MW agar sistem tetap andal pada kondisi terburuk dan menjadi cadangan GNSS yang cocok untuk kepulauan Indonesia.
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The need for reliable, interference-resistant navigation keeps growing, especially in the maritime sector. GNSS is vulnerable to jamming and spoofing, so a land-based alternative is needed. A leading candidate is eLORAN (Enhanced Long Range Navigation), a low-frequency radio navigation system (100 kHz) that uses groundwave propagation with a range of up to 1000 km. This study develops a link budget analysis, a calculation of how strong the signal reaching the receiver is, to assess the relationship between the type of path, the required transmit power, and signal quality. The signal strength is computed using the official ITU software, then processed into signal attenuation and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and analyzed in two directions. In the forward calculation, when only thermal noise is considered, every power level even 100 W appears feasible for reaching 1000 km, but once atmospheric noise (Fa) from the heavy lightning activity in equatorial regions such as Indonesia is added, only 100 kW and 1 MW still qualify. In the reverse calculation, the minimum power without atmospheric noise is only on the order of nanowatts, so thermal noise is proven not to be the limiting factor, whereas with atmospheric noise the minimum power becomes about 27 kW, far more realistic than the model without atmospheric noise eLORAN stations. The role of Fa is to make the calculation reflect actual conditions. The sea-path attenuation rises from 52.79 dB (100 km) to 82.43 dB (1000 km), and the sea path gives the best propagation conditions compared with land. It is concluded that eLORAN is feasible for reaching 1000 km at its operational power class, with the large power requirement driven by atmospheric noise rather than thermal noise, so a 1 MW transmit power class is recommended to keep the system reliable under worst-case conditions and serve as a suitable GNSS backup for the Indonesian archipelago.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	eLORAN, Link-Budget, Groundwave Propagation, Navigasi Radio, eLORAN, Link-Budget, Groundwave Propagation, Radio Navigation
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Telecommunication Engineering > 20202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nurul Alya Fithri
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 00:57
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 00:57
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134956

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