Fahruddin, Edwin (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Kandungan Kobalt pada Material Katoda Litium Nikel Mangan Kobalt Oksida (NMC) Kaya Nikel terhadap Performa Elektrokimia Baterai Ion Litium. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Material katoda litium nikel mangan kobalt oksida (NMC) kaya nikel memiliki potensi sebagai material baterai ion litium berkapasitas tinggi karena kandungan Ni yang tinggi mampu meningkatkan kapasitas spesifik. Namun, pengurangan kandungan Co yang dilakukan untuk menekan biaya dan meningkatkan keberlanjutan berpotensi memengaruhi karakteristik struktur, morfologi, serta performa elektrokimia material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi kandungan Co terhadap karakteristik struktur, morfologi, dan performa elektrokimia material katoda NMC kaya nikel dengan kandungan Ni tetap sebesar 80%. Material disintesis menggunakan metode co-precipitation berbasis Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) dengan variasi kandungan Co sebesar 5%, 7,5%, 10%, dan 12,5%. Karakterisasi struktur dilakukan menggunakan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), karakterisasi morfologi dan komposisi unsur menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), sedangkan karakterisasi elektrokimia dilakukan menggunakan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), dan Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD). Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel berhasil membentuk struktur berlapis α-NaFeO₂ dengan space group R-3m. Analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa variasi kandungan Co memengaruhi ukuran dan distribusi partikel, sedangkan analisis EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan unsur-unsur penyusun material sesuai komposisi yang dirancang. Hasil pengujian EIS menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan kandungan Co sebesar 10% memiliki hambatan transfer muatan (Rct) paling rendah dan koefisien difusi ion Li⁺ tertinggi dibandingkan sampel lainnya. Hasil CV menunjukkan bahwa sampel NMC-10% menghasilkan luas area voltammogram terbesar yang mengindikasikan aktivitas elektrokimia lebih tinggi, sedangkan pengujian GCD menunjukkan kapasitas spesifik discharge tertinggi dibandingkan variasi komposisi lainnya. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kandungan Co memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik struktur, morfologi, dan performa elektrokimia material NMC kaya nikel, dengan komposisi Co sebesar 10% menghasilkan performa yang paling optimum pada kondisi sintesis yang digunakan.
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Nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode materials have attracted significant attention as high-capacity cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high nickel content, which contributes to enhanced specific capacity. However, reducing the cobalt content to lower production costs and improve sustainability may affect the structural characteristics, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the material. This study aims to investigate the effect of cobalt content variation on the structural characteristics, morphology, and electrochemical performance of nickel-rich NMC cathode materials with a fixed nickel content of 80%. The materials were synthesized using a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)-based co-precipitation method with cobalt contents of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while morphological and elemental composition analyses were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). Electrochemical characterization was carried out using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD). The XRD results confirmed that all samples successfully formed a layered α-NaFeO₂ crystal structure with the R-3m space group. SEM analysis revealed that cobalt content influenced the particle size and particle size distribution, while EDX analysis confirmed the presence of the constituent elements in accordance with the designed composition. EIS measurements showed that the sample containing 10% Co exhibited the lowest charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and the highest lithium-ion diffusion coefficient among all samples. CV analysis indicated that the NMC-10% sample exhibited the largest voltammogram area, suggesting superior electrochemical activity, while GCD measurements demonstrated the highest discharge specific capacity compared with the other compositions. Overall, the results indicate that variations in cobalt content significantly influence the structural characteristics, morphology, and electrochemical performance of nickel-rich NMC cathode materials, with the 10% Co composition exhibiting the optimum electrochemical performance under the synthesis conditions employed in this study.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Baterai Ion Litium, Material Katoda NMC, NMC Kaya Nikel, Variasi Kobalt, Kopresipitasi, Performa Elektrokimia, Lithium-ion battery, NMC cathode material, Nickel-rich NMC, Cobalt concentration, Co-precipitation, Electrochemical performance. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC100 Crystals. Q Science > QC Physics > QC173.4.C63 Composite materials Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD553 Electrochemistry. Electrolysis |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Edwin Fahruddin |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Jul 2026 03:05 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Jul 2026 03:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/134999 |
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