Kajian Risiko Operasional Sistem Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Pengolahan Kelapa Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Asyifa, Rana (2026) Kajian Risiko Operasional Sistem Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Pengolahan Kelapa Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pengolahan kelapa menghasilkan limbah cair dengan karakteristik kompleks yang memerlukan pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang andal untuk menjaga kinerja pengolahan dan memenuhi baku mutu lingkungan. Kegagalan operasional pada setiap unit pengolahan berpotensi menurunkan efisiensi penyisihan pencemar serta mengganggu stabilitas proses. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan memprioritaskan risiko operasional pada sistem IPAL menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan, pengujian kualitas air limbah, dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada operator serta manajer WWTP. Pengujian kualitas air limbah meliputi parameter BOD, COD, TSS, dan pH pada setiap unit pengolahan. Faktor-faktor penyebab kegagalan diidentifikasi menggunakan diagram fishbone berdasarkan aspek manusia, metode, material, lingkungan, pengukuran, dan mesin, kemudian diprioritaskan menggunakan metode FMEA berdasarkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penyisihan pada beberapa unit pengolahan masih berfluktuasi, yang mengindikasikan adanya ketidakstabilan proses operasional. Risiko kegagalan teridentifikasi pada seluruh aspek yang dianalisis dengan dominasi pada aspek mesin. Berdasarkan analisis FMEA, microbubble generator pada unit Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) memperoleh nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 64, diikuti blower bak ekualisasi dengan nilai RPN sebesar 45, yang keduanya termasuk kategori risiko unacceptable. Usulan perbaikan difokuskan pada penyusunan jadwal pemeliharaan preventif, inspeksi rutin peralatan, penyediaan unit blower cadangan, serta pengembangan sistem early detection melalui pemasangan sensor pemantauan pada peralatan kritis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan deteksi dini dan keandalan operasional IPAL.
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The coconut processing industry generates liquid waste with complex characteristics that require reliable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) management to maintain treatment performance and meet environmental quality standards. Operational failures in any treatment unit have the potential to reduce pollutant removal efficiency and disrupt process stability. Therefore, this study aims to identify and prioritize operational risks in the WWTP system using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. The study was conducted through field observations, wastewater quality testing, and the distribution of questionnaires to WWTP operators and managers. Wastewater quality testing included measurements of BOD, COD, TSS, and pH in each treatment unit. Factors causing failures were identified using a fishbone diagram based on human, method, material, environment, measurement, and machine aspects, and then prioritized using the FMEA method based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value. The research results show that separation efficiency in several treatment units still fluctuates, indicating instability in operational processes. Failure risks were identified across all analyzed aspects, with the machinery aspect being the most significant. Based on the FMEA analysis, the microbubble generator in the Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) unit received the highest RPN value of 64, followed by the equalization tank blower with an RPN value of 45; both fall into the “unacceptable risk” category. Proposed improvements focus on establishing a preventive maintenance schedule, conducting routine equipment inspections, providing a backup blower unit, and developing an early detection system by installing monitoring sensors on critical equipment to enhance early detection capabilities and the operational reliability of the wastewater treatment plant.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Diagram Fishbone; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Industri Pengolahan Kelapa; Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah; Risiko Operasional, Keywords: Fishbone Diagram; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Coconut Processing Industry; Wastewater Treatment Plant; Operational Risk.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Rana Asyifa
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 02:41
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 02:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/135473

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