Sintesis Hidrogel Nanosilika Dari Limbah Sandblasting Terkomposit CMC/CaCl2 Untuk Mempertahankan Kandungan NPK Pada Tanah di Lahan Kritis

Aisyah Ziyan, Faradis (2026) Sintesis Hidrogel Nanosilika Dari Limbah Sandblasting Terkomposit CMC/CaCl2 Untuk Mempertahankan Kandungan NPK Pada Tanah di Lahan Kritis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tanah pada lahan kritis umumnya memiliki kandungan nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), dan kalium (K) yang rendah akibat menurunnya kemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan air dan unsur hara. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan unsur hara NPK hilang melalui proses pelindian, penguapan, dan proses lainnya. Salah satu material yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pembenah tanah untuk membantu mempertahankan kandungan NPK adalah hidrogel karena memiliki kemampuan menyerap, menyimpan, dan melepaskan air secara bertahap sehingga dapat mengurangi kehilangan unsur hara. Penelitian diawali dengan metode sintesis nanosilika dari limbah sandblasting melalui proses grinding, sieving, alkali fusi, pelarutan, filtrasi, presipitasi, pencucian, pengeringan, dan kalsinasi yang kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence, serta Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray. Nanosilika selanjutnya dikompositkan ke dalam hidrogel berbasis Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dengan variasi konsentrasi 7% dan 20% serta Kalsium Klorida (CaCl₂) 1% dan 2%, sedangkan hidrogel tanpa nanosilika digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hidrogel yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dan diuji kemampuan swelling. Hidrogel dengan kemampuan swelling optimal diaplikasikan bersama pupuk NPK pada tanah lahan kritis selama 23 hari untuk mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap parameter fisik tanah, meliputi konduktivitas hidrolik, porositas, kadar air, permeabilitas, kelembapan, dan bulk density, serta parameter kimia tanah meliputi pH dan kandungan unsur hara N, P, dan K. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi CMC dari 7% menjadi 20% menghasilkan hidrogel dengan tekstur yang lebih padat dan stabil, sedangkan peningkatan konsentrasi CaCl₂ dari 1% menjadi 2% meningkatkan kerapatan crosslinking sehingga mampu mempertahankan struktur selama perendaman. Hasil uji swelling menunjukkan bahwa hidrogel variasi perlakuan VB (20% CMC; 1% CaCl₂; 0,4 g nanosilika) dan VC (7% CMC; 2% CaCl₂; 0,14 g nanosilika) memiliki kemampuan swelling tertinggi dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 377,46% dan 377,12%. Karakterisasi FTIR mengonfirmasi terbentuknya jaringan hidrogel melalui interaksi gugus hidroksil dan karboksilat pada CMC dengan ion Ca²⁺. Aplikasi hidrogel nanosilika terkomposit CMC/CaCl₂ pada tanah lahan kritis mampu memperbaiki sifat fisik-kimia tanah yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan konduktivitas hidrolik tanah pada perlakuan C4 (0,134 cm/s) dan C5 (0,133 cm/s), meningkatkan permeabilitas tanah pada perlakuan C4 (1,34 × 10⁻³ m/s) dan C5 (1,33 × 10⁻³ m/s), meningkatkan kelembapan tanah pada perlakuan C4 (92%) dan C5 (79%), serta mempertahankan total N, P, dan K tanah berturut-turut pada perlakuan C4 (0,809%; 1,720%; 0,508%) dan C5 (0,804%; 2,126%; 0,549%).
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Soils in critical lands generally have low nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents due to a reduced capacity to retain water and nutrients. This condition leads to the loss of NPK nutrients through leaching, volatilization, and other processes. Hydrogel is a potential soil amendment material for maintaining NPK contents because of its ability to absorb, store, and gradually release water, thereby reducing nutrient losses. The research began with a methode for synthesis of nanosilica from sandblasting waste through grinding, sieving, alkali fusion, dissolution, filtration, precipitation, washing, drying, and calcination, followed by characterization using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive XRay (FESEM–EDX). The nanosilica was subsequently incorporated into a Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogel with CMC concentration variations of 7% and 20% and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentrations of 1% and 2%, while hydrogel without nanosilica was used as a comparison. The resulting hydrogels were characterized using FTIR and evaluated for their swelling capacity. Hydrogels with optimal swelling capacity were applied together with NPK fertilizer to critical land soil for 23 days to evaluate their effects on soil physical parameters, including hydraulic conductivity, porosity, water content, permeability, moisture, and bulk density, as well as soil chemical parameters, including pH and N, P, and K nutrient contents. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that increasing the CMC concentration from 7% to 20% produced hydrogels with a denser and more stable texture, whereas increasing the CaCl₂ concentration from 1% to 2% increased the crosslinking density, thereby enabling the hydrogels to maintain their structure during immersion. The swelling test results showed that hydrogel treatment variations VB (20% CMC, 1% CaCl₂, and 0.4 g nanosilica) and VC (7% CMC, 2% CaCl₂, and 0.14 g nanosilica) exhibited the highest swelling capacities, with values of 377.46% and 377.12%, respectively. FTIR characterization confirmed the formation of a hydrogel network through interactions between the hydroxyl and carboxylate groups of CMC and Ca²⁺ ions. The application of CMC/CaCl₂-composited nanosilica hydrogels to critical land soil improved the soil's physicochemical properties, as indicated by increases in hydraulic conductivity in treatments C4 (0.134 cm/s) and C5 (0.133 cm/s), increases in soil permeability in C4 (1.34 × 10⁻³ m/s) and C5 (1.33 × 10⁻³ m/s), increases in soil moisture in C4 (92%) and C5 (79%), and the retention of total N, P, and K contents in C4 (0.809%, 1.720%, and 0.508%, respectively) and C5 (0.804%, 2.126%, and 0.549%, respectively).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CMC/CaCl2, Limbah Sandblasting, Pupuk NPK, Sintesis Hidrogel, Tanah. CMC/CaCl₂, Hydrogel Synthesis, NPK Fertilizer, Sandblasting Waste, Soil.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aisyah Ziyan Faradis
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 03:29
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 03:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136210

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