Analisis Pengaruh Daya Delignifikasi Microwave-Alkali Terhadap Kemurnian dan Karakteristik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Rahma, Elfrida Venia (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Daya Delignifikasi Microwave-Alkali Terhadap Kemurnian dan Karakteristik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia dengan kontribusi sekitar 60% terhadap pasokan global, yang menghasilkan limbah biomassa dalam jumlah besar, termasuk tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sekitar 22–23% dari total tandan buah segar yang diolah. TKKS sebagai biomassa lignoselulosa berkandungan selulosa tinggi berpotensi diekstraksi menjadi α-selulosa berkristalinitas tinggi dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut, Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penerapan delignifikasi menggunakan microwave-assisted alkali untuk meningkatkan efisiensi delignifikasi melalui mekanisme pemanasan dielektrik yang mempercepat penetrasi larutan alkali dan pemutusan ikatan lignin–karbohidrat, kemudian dilanjutkan tahap bleaching menggunakan kombinasi hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) dan anhidrat asetat ((CH₃CO)₂O) guna membentuk peracetic acid (PAA) secara in situ sebagai oksidator yang lebih kuat dan selektif terhadap struktur aromatik lignin. Variasi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini meliputi daya microwave pada tahap delignifikasi (300, 450, dan 600 W) serta konsentrasi anhidrat asetat pada tahap bleaching (1%, 2%, dan 3%). Kemurnian dan karakteristik selulosa diperoleh dengan kondisi optimum pada variasi daya 450 watt dan variasi anhidra asetat 3% (MW450/AA3), dimana kemurnian selulosa diperoleh sebesar 82,97±0,09% dengan penghilangan hemiselulosa dan lignin berturut-turut sebesar 82,20% dan 76,37%. Kemudian kristanilitasnya sebesar 64,87%. Karakteristik selulosa yang diperoleh menunjukkan morfologi serat memanjang dan permukaan lebih terbuka dengan diameter fibril sebesar 7,56±1,78 µm. Karakteristik termal yang diperoleh turut memperlihatkan peningkatan stabilitas termal, ditandai dengan pergeseran suhu awal dekomposisi dari 250,74°C pada variasi MW300/AA3 menjadi 259,32°C dan kenaikan suhu puncak dekomposisi dari 353,57°C menjadi 394,82°C. Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi metode autoklaf-alkali dan bleaching H₂O₂-anhidra asetat pada kondisi MW450/AA3 menghasilkan selulosa berbasis TKKS dengan kemurnian dan karakteristik paling optimal.
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Indonesia is one of the world’s largest producers of palm oil, accounting for approximately 60% of the global supply, which generates large amounts of biomass waste, including empty fruit bunches (EFB), which make up about 22–23% of the total fresh fruit bunches processed. EFB, as a lignocellulosic biomass with high cellulose content, has the potential to be extracted into high-crystallinity α-cellulose and further developed. This study focuses on the application of delignification using microwave-assisted alkali to improve delignification efficiency through a dielectric heating mechanism that accelerates the penetration of the alkali solution and the breaking of lignin–carbohydrate bonds, followed by a bleaching stage using a combination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and anhydrous acetic acid ((CH₃CO)₂O) to form peracetic acid (PAA) in situ as a stronger and more selective oxidizer for the aromatic structure of lignin. The variables examined in this study included microwave power during the delignification stage (300, 450, and 600 W) as well as acetic anhydride concentration during the bleaching stage (1%, 2%, and 3%). The purity and characteristics of the cellulose were obtained under optimal conditions at a power of 450 watts and an acetic anhydride concentration of 3% (MW450/AA3), where the of the cellulose was 82.97±0.09%, with hemicellulose and lignin removal rates of 82.20% and 76.37%, respectively. The crystallinity was 64.87%. The characteristics of the resulting cellulose showed elongated fiber morphology and a more open surface, with a fibril diameter of 7.56±1.78 µm. The thermal characteristics obtained also showed an increase in thermal stability, marked by a shift in the initial decomposition temperature from 250.74°C in the MW300/AA3 variation to 259.32°C and an increase in the peak decomposition temperature from 353.57°C to 394.82°C. Overall, the combination of the autoclave-alkali method and H₂O₂-acetic anhydride bleaching under MW450/AA3 conditions produced TKKS-based cellulose with the most optimal purity and characteristics.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bleaching, Microwave-Alkali, TKKS =========================================================== Bleaching, Microwave-Alkali, OPEFB
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3030 Electric power distribution systems T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP894 Bleaching, cleaning, scouring
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Elfrida Venia Rahma
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 06:03
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 06:03
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136214

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