Fitoremediasi Tanah Tercemar Timbal Menggunakan Tanaman Hias Cordyline frusticosa dan Pennisetum purphupoides Dengan Pengaruh Agen Pengkelat Alami Dan Sintesis

Yusuf, Zahro Dwi Agustina (2026) Fitoremediasi Tanah Tercemar Timbal Menggunakan Tanaman Hias Cordyline frusticosa dan Pennisetum purphupoides Dengan Pengaruh Agen Pengkelat Alami Dan Sintesis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran tanah oleh logam berat timbal (Pb) merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius karena bersifat toksik, persisten, dan berpotensi terakumulasi dalam rantai makanan. Salah satu teknologi ramah lingkungan yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tingkat pencemaran Pb adalah fitoremediasi, yaitu pemanfaatan tanaman untuk menyerap, menstabilkan, atau mengubah bentuk logam berat di dalam tanah. Keberhasilan proses fitoremediasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemampuan tanaman menyerap logam, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas biologis di zona rizosfer, terutama melalui eksudat akar yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kemampuan fitoremediasi Pb menggunakan Pennisetum purpuphoides dan Cordyline frusticosa serta membandingkan kemampuan agen pengkelat alami dan penambahan agen pengkelat sintesis berupa EDTA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa penelitian pendahuluan yaitu uji aklimatisasi, uji bulk density, dan uji range finding test dengan variasi konsentrasi 0, 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, dan 800 mg/kg. Adapun penelitian utama terdiri dari pembuatan media tanah tercemar, penambahan pupuk organik dan EDTA sebagai agen pengkelat, dan uji penyerapan logam berat disertai pengukuran parameter BOD, suhu, pH, kelembapan, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Total durasi penelitian selama ±2 bulan dengan data yang didapatkan berupa kemampuan Tanaman Hias Hanjuang (Cordyline frusticosa) dan Tanaman Rumput Raja (Pennisetum purphupoides) dalam menyerap logam berat Pb pada media tanah tercemar serta perbandingan kemampuan EDTA dan eksudat dalam mengikat ion logam melalui uji statistik ANOVA dua arah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman C. frusticosa memiliki kemampuan penyerapan sebesar 63,73% serta tanaman P. purphupoides memiliki kemampuan penyerapan sebesar 68,33%. Adapun variasi EDTA dengan dosis terbaik dimana mampu meningkatkan akumulasi logam berat tanpa menunjukkan efek toksik pada tanaman yaitu berada pada dosis 2 mmol/kg. penambahan tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan terhadap efisiensi penyerapan tanaman C. frusticosa yaitu 86,78% dan pada P. purphupoides yaitu sebesar 91,55%. Kemudian nilai BCF dan TF yang didapat <1 dan menunjukkan bahwa tanaman termasuk kategori excluder.
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Soil contamination by heavy metals such as lead (Pb) is a serious environmental problem because it is toxic, persistent, and has the potential to bioaccumulate in the food chain. One environmentally friendly technology that can be used to reduce Pb contamination levels is phytoremediation, which utilizes plants to absorb, stabilize, or transform heavy metals in soil. The success of the phytoremediation process is not only determined by the plant's ability to absorb metals but is also influenced by biological activity in the rhizosphere, particularly through root exudates that can enhance microbial activity in the soil. Therefore, this study aims to measure the phytoremediation capability of Pb using Pennisetum purpureoides and Cordyline fruticosa, as well as to compare the effectiveness of natural chelating agents and the addition of synthetic chelating agents in the form of EDTA. The research method used in this study includes a preliminary study consisting of an acclimatization test, bulk density test, and range-finding test with concentration variations of 0, 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. The main study consists of preparing contaminated soil media, adding organic fertilizer and EDTA as a chelating agent, and testing heavy metal uptake accompanied by measurement of parameters such as BOD, temperature, pH, moisture, and plant growth rate. The duration of the study was ±2 months with data obtained in the form of the ability of Hanjuang (Cordyline frusticosa) ornamental plants and King Grass (Pennisetum purphupoides) plants to absorb Pb in contaminated soil media, as well as a comparison of the effectiveness of EDTA and root exudates in binding heavy metals using a two-way ANOVA statistical test. The results of this study indicate that C. frusticosa plants have an absorption capacity of 63.73% and P. purphupoides plants have an absorption capacity of 68.33%. The best dose of EDTA variation that can increase heavy metal accumulation without showing toxic effects on plants is at a dose of 2 mmol/kg. This addition causes an increase in the absorption efficiency of C. frusticosa plants, namely 86.78% and P. purphupoides, namely 91.55%. Then the BCF and TF values obtained <1 and indicate that the plants are included in the excluder category.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Agen pengkelat, Cordyline frusticosa, Fitoremediasi, Pennisetum purpuphoides, dan Timbal (Pb), Chelating agents, Cordyline fruticosa, Lead (Pb), Phytoremediation, and Pennisetum purpureoides.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Zahro Dwi Agustina Yusuf
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 08:46
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 08:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136247

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