Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Terkalsinasi Sebagai Material Substitusi Semen Pada Paving Block

Dewi, Rahajeng Intan Cahya (2026) Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Terkalsinasi Sebagai Material Substitusi Semen Pada Paving Block. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Produksi semen sebagai material pengikat utama (binder) menjadi salah satu penyumbang krisis iklim global dengan menghasilkan 27% dari total emisi CO2 sebagai emisi langsung. Salah satu pendekatan waste-to-resource yang dapat dilakukan adalah konversi limbah organik dan industri menjadi Bahan Tambahan Semen untuk mensubstitusikan sebagian kebutuhan semen. Di Desa Semare dan Desa Tambakrejo, Kecamatan Kraton, Kabupaten Pasuruan, memanfaatkan komoditas hasil laut berupa Kerang Darah dan Kerang Kupang dengan produk samping cangkang kerang. Sampai saat ini, pemanfaatan cangkang kerang masih minim dengan cara konvensional. Konsep ekonomi sirkular mendorong perubahan model pengelolaan limbah dari sumber daya laut menuju pemulihan material. Cangkang kerang memiliki kandungan kalsium karbonat (CaCO₃) tinggi yang berpotensi sebagai campuran material konstruksi. Penelitian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan potensi pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang sebagai material substitusi semen untuk pembuatan paving block. Pengujian dilakukan melalui pembuatan spesimen awal berupa mortar 5 × 5 × 5 cm menggunakan mix design 1 : 3 (semen : pasir) berdasarkan volume dengan variasi substitusi 0%, 5%, dan 10%. Selanjutnya, penelitian akan berfokus pada pembuatan paving block berbentuk balok 21 × 10 × 6 cm pada variasi terbaik. Pengujian mutu paving block dilakukan berdasarkan standar SNI 03-0691-1996, meliputi uji kuat tekan, ketahanan aus, dan penyerapan air. Selain itu, sebagai bentuk kajian dampak lingkungan, penelitian ini meninjau potensi pelindian kalsium akibat kontak material dengan air yang mengacu pada US EPA Method 1315, melalui uji kandungan kalsium terlarut, pH, dan Electrical Conductivity (EC). Hasil pengujian mortar 5 × 5 × 5 cm menunjukkan bahwa pada umur 28 seluruh variasi substitusi berhasil melampaui capaian rata-rata kuat tekan spesimen kontrol (K0) dan variasi substitusi 10% memenuhi batas penyerapan air mutu C. Penelitian ini menetapkan proporsi substitusi 10% sebagai variasi optimal guna memaksimalkan volume pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang. Pada pengujian pelindian paving block, konsentrasi kalsium pada eluat meningkat seiring bertambahnya interval waktu perendaman. Hasil uji statistik membuktikan bahwa variasi campuran cangkang kerang dan waktu perendaman memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pelindian kalsium. Nilai pelepasan massa meningkat seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi kalsium yang melindi pada eluat. Meskipun demikian, analisis kinetika menunjukkan laju fluks kalsium menurun secara eksponensial dari fase wash-off di interval awal dan terus menurun hingga interval akhir.
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Cement production as the main binder contributes to the global climate crisis, generating 27% of total direct CO₂ emissions. A waste-to-resource approach can be applied by converting organic and industrial waste into Supplementary Cementitious Materials to partially replace cement. Semare and Tambakrejo Villages in Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency, utilize marine products such as Blood Clams and Kupang Clams, which produce seashell waste. Until now, the utilization of these seashells is still minimal and conventional. The circular economy concept encourages a shift in marine waste management towards material recovery. Seashells contain high calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), making them a potential mixture for construction materials. This experimental study aims to explore the potential of using seashell waste as a cement substitute for producing paving blocks. The testing began with the production of initial 5 × 5 × 5 cm mortar specimens using a 1:3 mix design (cement:sand) by volume with substitution variations of 0%, 5%, and 10%. Next, the research focused on making 21 × 10 × 6 cm rectangular paving blocks using the best variation. The quality of the paving blocks was tested based on the SNI 03-0691-1996 standard, which includes compressive strength, wear resistance, and water absorption tests. Furthermore, as an environmental impact assessment, this study evaluated the potential for calcium leaching due to water contact based on the US EPA Method 1315, by testing the dissolved calcium content, pH, and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The results of the 5 × 5 × 5 cm mortar tests showed that at 28 days, all substitution variations successfully exceeded the average compressive strength of the control specimen (K0), and the 10% substitution met the Grade C water absorption limit. This study determined the 10% substitution proportion as the optimal variation to maximize the use of seashell waste. In the leaching test of paving block, the calcium concentration in the eluate increased as the soaking time intervals increased. Statistical tests proved that the mixture of seashell variations and soaking time significantly influenced calcium leaching. The mass release value increased along with the higher concentration of leached calcium in the eluate. Nevertheless, kinetic analysis indicated that the calcium flux rate decreased exponentially from the wash-off phase in the initial interval and continued to drop until the final interval.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kerang Darah, Kerang Kupang Putih, Paving Block, Pelindian Kalsium, Blood Cockle, Calcium Leaching , Kupang Putih Clam
Subjects:	T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements > TE251.T74 Pavements--Design and construction T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements > TE278.D523 Pavements, Concrete--Testing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rahajeng Intan Cahya Dewi
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 01:53
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 01:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136283

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