Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Konsumsi Energi di Unit Proses PLTGU PT X dengan Pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment

Widodo, Al-Fariz Akbar (2026) Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Konsumsi Energi di Unit Proses PLTGU PT X dengan Pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap (PLTGU) merupakan pembangkit dengan efisiensi tinggi melalui pemanfaatan kombinasi turbin gas dan turbin uap, namun operasionalnya tetap menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan berbagai dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi dan menghitung emisi GRK operasional PLTGU PT X, mengidentifikasi unit proses yang menjadi hotspot dampak lingkungan, serta menyusun rekomendasi mitigasi emisi berdasarkan pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode LCA dengan batas sistem gate-to-gate dan unit fungsional sebesar 1 kWh listrik neto. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro dengan metode CML-IA Baseline untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan. Emisi utama yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran gas alam terdiri atas CO2 sebesar 0,294057 kg CO2, disertai emisi CH4 sebesar 0,0001263 kg CO2e dan N2O sebesar 0,0001197 kg CO2e. Hasil Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) menunjukkan bahwa kategori global warming merupakan dampak lingkungan terbesar dengan nilai 1.806,564 kg CO2 eq, diikuti oleh human toxicity sebesar 792,950 kg 1,4-DB eq, photochemical oxidation sebesar 0,00119 kg C2H4 eq, acidification sebesar 0,094127 kg SO2 eq, dan eutrophication sebesar 0,6971 kg PO43- eq. Analisis hotspot menunjukkan bahwa unit Gas Turbine menjadi kontributor terbesar terhadap kategori global warming dengan kontribusi sebesar 89,02%, sedangkan Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), khususnya pada aliran blowdown HRSG, menjadi hotspot utama pada kategori photochemical oxidation (42,9%) dan acidification (49,8%). Unit IPAL menjadi hotspot dominan pada kategori human toxicity (100%), sedangkan unit Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) berkontribusi signifikan terhadap kategori eutrophication (51,6%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, rekomendasi mitigasi jangka pendek yang diusulkan meliputi optimasi operasional dan efisiensi energi sistem pembangkit, seperti optimasi parameter operasi HRSG dan sistem manajemen energi, serta pengelolaan air dan bahan kimia proses secara lebih efisien melalui optimasi cycles of concentration dan penyesuaian dosis bahan kimia pengolahan air, yang dapat diterapkan secara langsung dengan kebutuhan investasi rendah. Untuk jangka panjang meliputi penerapan Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) pada sistem pengelolaan blowdown HRSG untuk mengurangi beban pencemar dan meningkatkan pemanfaatan kembali air proses, serta penerapan Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) untuk menangkap emisi CO2 dari gas buang turbin gas.
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A Combined Cycle Power Plant is a highly efficient power generation system that combines gas and steam turbines, yet its operation still produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and various other environmental impacts. This study aims to inventory and quantify the operational GHG emissions of PT X, identify the process units that constitute the environmental hotspots, and formulate emission mitigation recommendations based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The analysis was conducted using the LCA method with a gate-to-gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 kWh of net electricity. Modelling was performed using SimaPro software with the CML-IA Baseline method. The results show that the main emissions generated from the natural gas combustion process consist of CO2 amounting to 0.294057 kg CO2, accompanied by CH4 emissions of 0.0001263 kg CO2e and N2O emissions of 0.0001197 kg CO2e. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results indicate that the global warming category represents the largest environmental impact, with a value of 1,806.564 kg CO2 eq, followed by human toxicity at 792.950 kg 1,4-DB eq, photochemical oxidation at 0.00119 kg C2H4 eq, acidification at 0.094127 kg SO2 eq, and eutrophication at 0.6971 kg PO43- eq. The Gas Turbine unit is the largest contributor to the global warming category, accounting for 89.02% of the total impact, while the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), particularly the blowdown stream, is the dominant hotspot for the photochemical oxidation (42.9%) and acidification (49.8%) categories. The wastewater treatment plant is the dominant hotspot for the human toxicity category (100%), while the Wastewater Treatment Plant contributes significantly to the eutrophication category (51.6%). The recommended short-term mitigation measures include optimising the operation and energy efficiency of the generation system, such as optimising HRSG operating parameters and the energy management system, as well as managing process water and chemicals more efficiently through the optimisation of cycles of concentration and adjustment of water-treatment chemical dosing, which can be implemented directly with low investment requirements. The long-term mitigation measures include the application of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) to the HRSG blowdown management system to reduce the pollutant load and increase process water reuse, as well as the application of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) to capture CO2 emissions from the gas turbine flue gas.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, Ketenagalistrikan, Konsumsi Energi, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), PLTGU, Greenhouse, Power Generation, Energy Consumption, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Combined Cycle Power Plant.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Al-fariz Akbar Widodo
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 03:41
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 03:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136325

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