Pemanfaatan Lumpur Industri Susu dan Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Material Bio-Paving: Karakterisasi Fisik dan Kapasitas Adsorpsi CO2

Sukron, Fatma Dhira Rachmaniar (2026) Pemanfaatan Lumpur Industri Susu dan Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Material Bio-Paving: Karakterisasi Fisik dan Kapasitas Adsorpsi CO2. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sektor konstruksi berkontribusi signifikan terhadap emisi karbon global, terutama akibat penggunaan semen Portland, serta menimbulkan permasalahan hidrologi perkotaan akibat meningkatnya limpasan permukaan. Kondisi ini mendorong pengembangan material paving yang tidak hanya memenuhi persyaratan mekanik, tetapi juga ramah lingkungan dan berpotensi mendukung mitigasi perubahan iklim. Salah satu upaya yaitu pemanfaatan material limbah dalam beton yang dapat menurunkan jejak karbon dan meningkatkan keberlanjutan material konstruksi. Abu sekam padi (Rice Husk Ash/RHA) memiliki kandungan silika amorf yang bersifat pozzolanik, sedangkan limbah lumpur industri susu (Dairy Processing Sludge/DPS) berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai substitusi agregat halus. Kombinasi kedua material ini berpeluang membentuk struktur beton yang mendukung proses karbonasi dan penyerapan CO₂. Penelitian ini memvariasikan komposisi RHA sebagai substitusi parsial semen dengan variasi 10% dan 20%, serta DPS sebagai substitusi agregat halus dengan variasi 5% dan 10%. Variasi komposisi diaplikasikan dalam bio-paving bentuk kubus 20 x 10 x 6 cm lalu dilakukan uji kuat tekan untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan membuat bio paving dengan variasi komposisi terbaik untuk selanjutnya dilakukan uji mutu kuat tekan. Selain itu, juga dilakukuan uji kapasitas adsorpsi CO2 melalui uji karbonasi dipercepat menggunakan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) dan uji fenolftalein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RHA pascakalsinasi memiliki kandungan SiO₂ sebesar 88.7% yang berpotensi meningkatkan reaksi pozzolanik, sedangkan DPS memiliki kandungan CaO sebesar 20.70% yang berpotensi mendukung pembentukan produk karbonasi. Seluruh variasi bio-paving memenuhi persyaratan kuat tekan minimum paving mutu D berdasarkan SNI 03-0691-1996. Variasi terbaik diperoleh pada BPC2 dengan substitusi RHA 20%, yang menghasilkan kuat tekan sebesar 27.84 MPa sebelum karbonasi namun menurun menjadi 23.50 MPa setelah karbonasi. Hasil uji TGA menunjukkan kapasitas CO₂ uptake berkisar 11.78 – 16.34 %. Sedangkan hasil uji fenolftalein menunjukkan kedalaman karbonasi berkisar antara 0.7–2.1 cm. Sebagian besar variasi mengalami peningkatan kuat tekan setelah karbonasi akibat terbentuknya CaCO₃ yang mengisi pori dan memperpadat mikrostruktur material. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bio-paving berbasis DPS dan RHA memiliki potensi sebagai carbon sink material yang mampu mengombinasikan performa mekanik yang memadai dengan manfaat lingkungan melalui pemanfaatan limbah industri dan biomassa.
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The construction sector contributes significantly to global carbon emissions, primarily due to the extensive use of Portland cement, and also exacerbates urban hydrological issues through increased surface runoff. These challenges have driven the development of paving materials that not only meet mechanical performance requirements but are also environmentally sustainable and capable of supporting climate change mitigation. One approach is the utilization of waste materials in concrete, which can reduce the carbon footprint and enhance the sustainability of construction materials. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) contains amorphous silica with pozzolanic properties, while Dairy Processing Sludge (DPS) has potential as a partial substitute for fine aggregates. The combination of these materials may promote a concrete structure that supports carbonation and CO₂ sequestration. This study investigates the use of RHA as a partial cement replacement at levels of 10% and 20%, and DPS as a fine aggregate substitute at levels of 5% and 10%. These variations were applied in the production of bio-paving blocks with dimensions of 20 × 10 × 6 cm, followed by compressive strength testing to determine the optimum composition. The optimal mix was then further evaluated through compressive strength. In addition, CO₂ adsorption capacity was assessed through accelerated carbonation tests using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and phenolphthalein indicator testing. The results showed that calcined RHA contained 88.7% SiO₂, indicating a strong potential to enhance pozzolanic reactions, while DPS contained 20.70% CaO, which can support the formation of carbonation products. All bio-paving mixtures satisfied the minimum compressive strength requirements for Grade D paving blocks according to SNI 03-0691-1996. The optimum mixture was obtained in BPC2, containing 20% RHA substitution, which resulted in a compressive strength of 27.84 MPa before carbonation but dropped to 23.50 MPa after carbonation. TGA test results showed that the CO₂ uptake capacity ranged from 11.78% to 16.34%. The phenolphthalein test results indicated a carbonation depth ranging from 0.7 to 2.1 cm. Most mixtures exhibited an increase in compressive strength after carbonation due to the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), which filled the pores and densified the material microstructure. These findings demonstrate that DPS and RHA-based bio-paving has the potential to serve as a carbon sink material, combining adequate mechanical performance with environmental benefits through the utilization of industrial and biomass waste.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Abu Lumpur Industri Susu, Abu Sekam Padi, Bio-paving, Carbon Capture, Karakteristik Material Dairy Processing Sludge, Rice Husk Ash, Bio-paving, Carbon Capture, Material Characteristics
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fatma Dhira Rachmaniar Sukron
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 03:09
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 03:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136384

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