Studi Pengaruh Suhu Aktivasi Fisika terhadap Karakteristik dan Kinerja Adsorpsi CO2 pada Biochar dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Ramadhani, Andi Zahrha (2026) Studi Pengaruh Suhu Aktivasi Fisika terhadap Karakteristik dan Kinerja Adsorpsi CO2 pada Biochar dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan konsentrasi CO₂ di atmosfer mendorong pengembangan material adsorben yang efektif dan berkelanjutan sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi emisi karbon. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah biomassa yang berpotensi diolah menjadi biochar sebagai adsorben CO₂ sekaligus mendukung pemanfaatan limbah bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu aktivasi fisika terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja adsorpsi CO₂ biochar berbasis TKKS.
Biochar diproduksi melalui proses pirolisis menggunakan furnace pada suhu 500°C selama 80 menit, kemudian diaktivasi secara fisika menggunakan pemanasan termal pada suhu 500°C, 600°C, dan 700°C dengan waktu 60 menit pada masing-masing sampel. Kinerja adsorpsi CO₂ diuji menggunakan reaktor fixed-bed dengan aliran gas CO₂ 1% dalam nitrogen pada laju alir 512,5 mL/menit. Karakterisasi biochar dilakukan menggunakan BET, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX untuk menganalisis luas permukaan, gugus fungsi, morfologi permukaan, dan komposisi unsur.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi fisika meningkatkan karakteristik biochar, ditandai dengan peningkatan luas permukaan spesifik dari 237,342 m²/g menjadi 311,588 m²/g pada suhu 600°C, kemudian menurun menjadi 260,838 m²/g pada suhu 700°C akibat pore widening. Analisis FTIR mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi O–H, C=O, dan C–O sebagai situs aktif adsorpsi, sedangkan EDX menunjukkan peningkatan kandungan karbon hingga 87,90%. Pada variasi suhu yang diteliti, biochar T600 menghasilkan kapasitas adsorpsi CO₂ tertinggi sebesar 0,151 ± 0,025 mmol/g. Model isoterm Freundlich memberikan kesesuaian terbaik (R² > 0,90), yang menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi CO₂ berlangsung pada permukaan biochar yang heterogen dengan kecenderungan membentuk adsorpsi multilapis. Dengan demikian, biochar TKKS yang diaktivasi secara termal berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai adsorben berbasis biomassa untuk teknologi penangkapan CO2 secara berkelanjutan.
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The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO₂ has encouraged the development of effective and sustainable adsorbent materials as an effort to mitigate carbon emissions. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), an abundant biomass waste, have the potential to be converted into biochar as a CO₂ adsorbent while adding value to biomass waste utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical activation temperature on the characteristics and CO₂ adsorption performance of OPEFB-based biochar.
Biochar was produced by pyrolysis in a furnace at 500°C for 80 minutes, followed by physical activation through thermal treatment at 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for 60 minutes for each sample. CO₂ adsorption performance was evaluated using a fixed-bed reactor with a gas mixture containing 1% CO₂ in nitrogen at a flow rate of 512.5 mL/min. Biochar characterization was carried out using BET, FTIR, and SEM–EDX analyses to determine the specific surface area, surface functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition.
The results showed that physical activation improved the characteristics of OPEFB biochar, as indicated by an increase in specific surface area from 237.342 m²/g for the control biochar to 311.588 m²/g at 600°C, followed by a decrease to 260.838 m²/g at 700°C due to pore widening. FTIR analysis identified O–H, C=O, and C–O functional groups as active adsorption sites, while EDX analysis revealed an increase in carbon content to 87.90%. Among the activation temperatures investigated, biochar activated at 600°C (T600) exhibited the highest CO₂ adsorption capacity of 0.151 ± 0.025 mmol/g. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit (R² > 0.90), indicating that CO₂ adsorption occurred on a heterogeneous biochar surface with a tendency toward multilayer adsorption. Therefore, thermally activated OPEFB biochar has promising potential as a biomass-based adsorbent for sustainable CO₂ capture applications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biochar, Adsorpsi CO₂, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Aktivasi Fisika, Isoterm Adsorpsi, Biochar, CO₂ Adsorption, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), Physical Activation, Adsorption Isotherm
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Andi Zahrha Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 03:26
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 03:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136389

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