Kajian Pengaruh Jenis Tanah dan Campuran Tanaman Pada Pengendalian Erosi Lahan Pasca Tambang dengan Metode Hydroseeding

Athaya, Nada Keishafela (2026) Kajian Pengaruh Jenis Tanah dan Campuran Tanaman Pada Pengendalian Erosi Lahan Pasca Tambang dengan Metode Hydroseeding. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Aktivitas pertambangan nikel dengan metode open cast di Indonesia telah menyebabkan degradasi kualitas lahan yang signifikan, termasuk hilangnya lapisan tanah atas (top soil) dan peningkatan risiko erosi pada lereng disposal. Kondisi lahan pasca tambang yang memiliki kesuburan rendah dan struktur fisik rusak memerlukan upaya reklamasi untuk memulihkan fungsi ekologisnya sesuai regulasi Undang-Undang No. 3 Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan jenis tanah (clay loam dan silt loam) serta variasi campuran tanaman pionir terhadap keberhasilan revegetasi dan pengendalian erosi menggunakan metode hydroseeding yang dikombinasikan dengan matras geotekstil jute net. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksperimental berskala laboratorium selama 8 minggu dengan menggunakan 14 reaktor yang diletakkan pada kemiringan 45°. Variabel dalam kajian ini meliputi jenis tanah (clay loam dan silt loam) serta jenis campuran dua spesies vegetasi yang terdiri dari kombinasi C. mucunoides, B. decumbens, dan P. grandiflora. Parameter yang diukur untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pengendalian erosi mencakup sediment yield, total suspended solid (TSS), laju aliran air, persentase tutupan lahan, perkecambahan, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media silt loam cenderung menghasilkan kinerja hydroseeding yang lebih baik dibandingkan clay loam, terutama dalam meningkatkan tutupan lahan dan menurunkan sediment yield, meskipun berdasarkan uji Two-Way ANOVA jenis tanah hanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter laju aliran air (p = 0,031), sedangkan pengaruhnya terhadap tutupan lahan, sediment yield, dan TSS tidak signifikan (p > 0,05). Kombinasi C. mucunoides dan B. decumbens (CB) terbukti sebagai kombinasi vegetasi paling efektif dalam pengendalian erosi, dengan kombinasi pada media silt loam (CB2) menghasilkan sediment yield terendah sebesar 1,99 g/m², TSS terendah sebesar 66,30 mg/L, laju aliran air yang rendah sekitar 0,020 L/s, dan tutupan lahan sebesar 83,72% pada minggu ke-8. Sinergi antara pertumbuhan menjalar C. mucunoides yang mampu memfiksasi nitrogen dan memperluas tutupan permukaan dengan sistem akar serabut B. decumbens yang berperan memperkuat stabilitas agregat tanah, berkontribusi signifikan dalam menekan pelepasan dan transpor partikel tanah pada lahan pasca tambang nikel. Sebaliknya, kombinasi yang melibatkan P. grandiflora tidak direkomendasikan akibat rendahnya persentase perkecambahan spesies tersebut sehingga kontribusinya terhadap pembentukan tutupan vegetasi dan pengendalian erosi menjadi sangat terbatas.
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Open-pit nickel mining in Indonesia has caused significant land degradation, including the loss of topsoil and an increased risk of erosion on disposal slopes. Post-mining land, characterized by low fertility and damaged physical structure, requires reclamation efforts to restore its ecological functions in accordance with Undang-Undang No. 3 Tahun 2020. This study aims to analyze the effects of different soil types (clay loam and silt loam) and variations in pioneer plant mixtures on the success of revegetation and erosion control using the hydroseeding method combined with jute net geotextile mats. The research method employed was a quantitative experimental study conducted on a laboratory scale over 8 weeks using 14 reactors placed at a 45° incline. The variables in this study included soil type (clay loam and silt loam) and the type of vegetation seed mixture, consisting of a combination of C. mucunoides, B. decumbens, and P. grandiflora. The parameters measured to evaluate the effectiveness of erosion control included sediment yield, total suspended solids (TSS), water flow rate, land cover percentage, germination, and plant growth rate. The results indicate that silt loam tends to yield better hydroseeding performance than clay loam, particularly in increasing land cover and reducing sediment yield. Although based on Two-Way ANOVA, soil type had a significant effect only on water flow rate (p = 0,031), while its effect on land cover, sediment yield, and TSS was not significant (p > 0,05). The combination of C. mucunoides and B. decumbens (CB) proved to be the most effective vegetation combination for erosion control, with the combination in silt loam (CB2) producing the lowest sediment yield of 1,99 g/m², the lowest TSS of 66,30 mg/L, a low water flow rate of approximately 0,020 L/s, and a land cover of 83,72% at week 8. The synergy between the creeping growth of C. mucunoides, which is capable of nitrogen fixation and expanding surface cover, and the fibrous root system of B. decumbens, which strengthens soil aggregate stability, contributed significantly to suppressing the release and transport of soil particles on post-nickel-mining land. Conversely, combinations involving P. grandiflora are not recommended due to the species low germination percentage, which severely limited its contribution to vegetation cover formation and erosion control.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Erosi, Hydroseeding, Lahan Pasca Tambang, Sediment yield, Vegetasi Pionir, Erosion, Hydroseeding, Post-mining land, Sediment yield, Pioneer vegetation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nada Keishafela Athaya
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 07:07
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 07:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136457

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