Cahyono, Johan Fausta Fa'iq Havy (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Iradiasi Microwave dan Konsentrasi Oksidator terhadap Struktur Permukaan MWCNT dan Sifat Elektrokimia pada Katalis Pt/CNT untuk Aplikasi PEMFC. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) merupakan teknologi konversi energi yang menjanjikan karena memiliki efisiensi tinggi, emisi rendah, serta kemampuan beroperasi pada temperatur relatif rendah. Namun, performa katalis pada sisi katoda masih menjadi tantangan utama karena keterbatasan dispersi nanopartikel platinum (Pt) pada carbon support serta stabilitas katalis selama operasi. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) memiliki konduktivitas listrik tinggi dan stabilitas struktural yang baik sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai carbon support elektrokatalis Pt/CNT. Meskipun demikian, permukaan MWCNT yang relatif inert menyebabkan interaksi antara Pt dan CNT menjadi kurang optimal sehingga perlu dilakukannya modifikasi pada permukaan MWCNT. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh waktu iradiasi microwave dan konsentrasi oksidator terhadap struktur permukaan pada proses fungsionalisasi MWCNT serta dampaknya terhadap sifat elektrokimia katalis Pt/CNT untuk aplikasi PEMFC. Pada penelitian ini, MWCNT difungsionalisasi menggunakan oksidator berbasis asam H2SO4:HNO3 (3:1) dengan variasi konsentrasi 5 M, 10 M, dan 15 M yang dikombinasikan dengan iradiasi microwave dengan daya 450 Watt metode pulse 10 detik on-off dengan variasi waktu 1 menit, 3 menit dan 5 menit. Variasi konsentrasi oksidator dan waktu iradiasi microwave digunakan untuk mempelajari pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan struktur permukaan MWCNT. Selanjutnya, nanopartikel Pt dideposisikan pada MWCNT yang telah difungsionalisasi untuk menghasilkan katalis Pt/CNT. Hasil karakterisasi XRD mengidentifikasi bahwa proses sintesis yang dilakukan berhasil dengan munculnya fasa Pt dengan indeks miller Pt(111), Pt(200), Pt(220), Pt(311), Pt(222), dan C(002). Hasil karakterisasi Raman spectroscopy pada MWCNT didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi oksidator dan waktu iradiasi maka nilai ID/IG semakin tinggi. Hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi proses fungsionalisasi dengan terbacanya gugus fungsi oksigen. Hasil SEM mengonfirmasi bahwa carbon support yang digunakan benar merupakan CNT. Variasi katalis terbaik didapatkan pada konsentrasi 10 M dengan waktu iradiasi 3 menit dengan nilai ECSA sebesar 85,52 m2/gPt, number of electron 3,93, E1/2 0,837 V, E0 0,951 V, limiting current density 6,06 mA/cm2, mass activity 101,46 mA/mgPt dan power density pada temperatur 25°C dan 60°C sebesar 392,3 mW/cm2 dan 446,5 mW/cm2.
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy conversion technology due to its high efficiency, low emissions, and capability to operate at relatively low temperatures. However, the catalytic performance at the cathode remains a major challenge owing to the limited dispersion of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on the carbon support, as well as the stability of the catalyst during operation. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibit high electrical conductivity and excellent structural stability, making them a highly potential carbon support for Pt/CNT electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, the relatively inert surface of MWCNTs results in suboptimal interactions between Pt and CNTs, making it necessary to modify the surface of the MWCNTs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of microwave irradiation time and oxidant concentration on the surface structure during the MWCNT functionalization process, along with their impact on the electrochemical properties of the Pt/CNT catalyst for PEMFC applications. In this research, MWCNTs were functionalized using an acid-based oxidant mixture of H2SO4:HNO3 (3:1) at varying concentrations of 5 M, 10 M, and 15 M. This treatment was combined with microwave irradiation at 450 W utilizing a 10 second on-off pulsed method for durations of 1, 3, and 5 minutes. These variations in oxidant concentration and microwave irradiation time were employed to investigate their effects on the structural modifications of the MWCNT surface. Subsequently, Pt nanoparticles were deposited onto the functionalized MWCNTs to synthesize the Pt/CNT catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization indicated the successful synthesis of the catalyst, evidenced by the emergence of the Pt phase with Miller indices of Pt(111), Pt(200), Pt(220), Pt(311), and Pt(222), alongside C(002). Raman spectroscopy characterization of the MWCNTs revealed that higher oxidant concentrations and prolonged irradiation times corresponded to an increased ID/IG ratio. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the functionalization process through the detection of oxygen-containing functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the carbon support utilized was indeed composed of CNTs. The optimal catalyst configuration was achieved using a 10 M oxidant concentration and a 3-minute irradiation time. This variant exhibited an ECSA of 85.52 m2/gPt, an electron transfer number of 3.93, E1/2 of 0.837 V, an E0 of 0.951 V, a limiting current density of 6.06 mA/cm2, and a mass activity of 101.46 mA/mgPt. Furthermore, it delivered power densities of 392.3 mW/cm2 and 446.5 mW/cm2 at operating temperatures of 25°C and 60°C, respectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Elektrokatalis, Fungsionalisasi MWCNT, Iradiasi Microwave, PEMFC, Pt/CNT, Electrocatalyst, MWCNT Functionalization, Microwave Irradiation, PEMFC, Pt/CNT |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD569 Electrocatalysis. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2931 Fuel cells T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP255 Electrochemistry, Industrial. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Johan Fausta Fa'iq Havy Cahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 03:38 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 03:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136513 |
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