Zein, Merza Abyan (2026) Monitoring Pergerakan Vertikal Pulau Kalimantan Menggunakan Integrasi GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning, TWS GRACE-FO, Dan Curah Hujan Periode 2021–2023. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pulau Kalimantan memiliki dinamika siklus hidrologi musiman yang dipengaruhi oleh variasi curah hujan, redistribusi massa air permukaan dan bawah permukaan, serta perubahan Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS). Perubahan massa air tersebut dapat menimbulkan efek hydrological loading yang berpotensi memengaruhi pergerakan vertikal pada stasiun GNSS CORS. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik pergerakan vertikal stasiun GNSS CORS serta hubungannya dengan TWSA GRACE-FO dan curah hujan di Pulau Kalimantan periode 2021–2023. Data GNSS CORS diolah menggunakan metode Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) dengan perangkat lunak GipsyX, kemudian ditransformasikan ke komponen lokal ENU. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas sinyal vertikal, data komponen Up difilter menggunakan Moving Average dan Savitzky–Golay. Analisis dilakukan melalui estimasi Vertical Velocity Rate (VVR), yaitu laju kecenderungan pergerakan vertikal dalam satuan mm/tahun, serta korelasi Pearson, cross-correlation, lag time, dan phase difference. Hasil filtering menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata standar deviasi komponen vertikal dari 0,0356 m menjadi 0,0344 m. Estimasi VVR menghasilkan pola deformasi heterogen dengan nilai -13,99 hingga +19,93 mm/tahun, yang mengindikasikan variasi subsidence dan uplift antarstasiun. Integrasi GNSS, TWSA, dan curah hujan menunjukkan dominasi korelasi negatif PPP–TWSA dengan rata-rata |r| sebesar 0,612, serta hubungan curah hujan–TWSA paling konsisten dengan rata-rata |r| sebesar 0,735. Analisis musiman menunjukkan amplitudo PPP sebesar 2,06–15,69 mm dan dominasi beda fase PPP–TWSA sekitar 4–6 bulan, yang mengindikasikan adanya keterlambatan respons deformasi vertikal terhadap perubahan massa air regional. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika hidrologi berkontribusi terhadap pola uplift–subsidence musiman di Kalimantan dengan respons elastik yang bervariasi antarstasiun.
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Kalimantan Island is characterized by seasonal hydrological dynamics influenced by rainfall variability, redistribution of surface and subsurface water mass, and changes in Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS). These water mass variations may generate hydrological loading effects that influence vertical displacement observed at GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Station (CORS) sites. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of vertical displacement at GNSS CORS stations and its relationship with GRACE-FO TWSA and rainfall over Kalimantan during 2021–2023. GNSS CORS data were processed using the Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) method with GipsyX software and transformed into local East, North, Up (ENU) components. To improve the quality of the vertical signal, the Up component was filtered using Moving Average and Savitzky–Golay filtering. The analysis included Vertical Velocity Rate (VVR) estimation, defined as the long-term vertical displacement trend in mm/year, as well as Pearson correlation, cross-correlation, lag time, and phase difference analysis. The filtering process reduced the average standard deviation of the vertical component from 0.0356 m to 0.0344 m. VVR estimation revealed heterogeneous deformation patterns ranging from -13.99 to +19.93 mm/year, indicating variations in subsidence and uplift among stations. The integration of GNSS, TWSA, and rainfall showed a relationship consistent with hydrological loading, characterized by a dominant negative PPP–TWSA correlation with an average |r| of 0.612, and the most consistent rainfall–TWSA relationship with an average |r| of 0.735. Seasonal analysis showed PPP amplitudes of 2.06–15.69 mm and a dominant PPP–TWSA phase difference of approximately 4–6 months, indicating a delayed vertical deformation response to regional water mass changes. These results suggest that regional hydrological dynamics contribute to seasonal uplift–subsidence patterns in Kalimantan, with elastic responses varying among stations
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | GNSS, GRACE-FO, Hydrological loading, Kinematic Precise Point Positioning, Terrestrial Water Storag |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.217 Geospatial data G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences > GE300 Environmental management |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Merza Abyan Zein |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:07 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136632 |
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