Kajian Perancangan Unit Recovery Alum Dari Lumpur Sedimentasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum

Siregar, Boni Partogi Maurits (2026) Kajian Perancangan Unit Recovery Alum Dari Lumpur Sedimentasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lumpur hasil proses sedimentasi pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum (IPAM) berbasis koagulan alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) mengandung aluminium dalam jumlah signifikan, dengan rentang kandungan Al dalam padatan kering berkisar antara 2,7–15,3(w/w%). Pada praktiknya, lumpur ini lebih sering diperlakukan sebagai residu yang langsung dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa pemanfaatan lebih lanjut, sehingga menimbulkan pemborosan sumber daya sekaligus potensi permasalahan lingkungan. Di sisi lain, kajian yang mengintegrasikan karakteristik lumpur sedimentasi dengan perancangan unit pemulihan alum yang bersifat adaptif terhadap berbagai skala kapasitas IPAM masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik lumpur hasil sedimentasi yang relevan terhadap potensi pemulihan alum; (2) menyusun desain konseptual unit-unit pemulihan alum untuk IPAM kapasitas kecil (50 L/s), menengah (200 L/s), dan besar (500 L/s); serta (3) menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi awal dari sistem yang dirancang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain parametrik berbasis kajian literatur dan data sekunder, tanpa melibatkan pengambilan sampel lapangan atau pengujian laboratorium. Tahapan penelitian meliputi: tinjauan sistematis terhadap karakteristik lumpur sedimentasi IPAM berbasis alum; penyusunan neraca massa untuk ketiga skenario kapasitas; perancangan dimensi enam unit utama meliputi thickening tank, tangki asidifikasi, gravity clarifier (unit separator), tangki netralisasi, tangki penyimpanan produk alum, serta tangki penyimpanan bahan kimia; dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi awal mencakup estimasi CAPEX, OPEX, penghematan tahunan, serta analisis sensitivitas terhadap harga H₂SO₄ dan alum komersial. Seluruh parameter desain ditetapkan berdasarkan nilai representatif yang diperoleh dari kajian literatur ilmiah terstandarisasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses asidifikasi pada pH 2,5 mampu memulihkan aluminium dengan efisiensi 87%, menghasilkan produksi Al₂(SO₄)₃ sebesar 269,4 kg/hari (kapasitas kecil), 1.078,2 kg/hari (menengah), dan 2.694,1 kg/hari (besar), atau setara 88.902–889.053 kg/tahun. Dimensi unit dominan, yaitu thickening tank, dirancang berdiameter 6,5 m, 13,0 m, dan 20,5 m dengan volume 116,1 m³, 464,6 m³, dan 1.155,4 m³ untuk masing-masing skenario. Tangki asidifikasi berdiameter 0,80–1,70 m dengan daya pengaduk 17,9–169,6 W memenuhi waktu kontak aktual 38,2–45,2 menit (di atas minimum 35 menit). Hasil analisis kelayakan ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemulihan alum layak diterapkan pada seluruh skala kapasitas yang dikaji, ditunjukkan oleh nilai Net Annual Benefit (NAB) yang positif, Simple Payback Period (SPP) sebesar 3,57–7,66 tahun, serta Return on Investment (ROI) sebesar 13,1–28,0% per tahun
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Sedimentation sludge generated from alum-based (Al₂(SO₄)₃) Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTPs) contains a significant amount of aluminum, with Al content in dry solids ranging from 2.7% to 15.3(w/w%). In practice, this sludge is commonly treated as a waste residue and disposed of without further utilization, resulting in resource wastage and potential environmental impacts. Meanwhile, studies integrating sedimentation sludge characteristics with the design of alum recovery systems that can be adapted to different DWTP capacities remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) identify sedimentation sludge characteristics relevant to alum recovery potential; (2) develop conceptual designs for alum recovery units applicable to small-scale (50 L/s), medium-scale (200 L/s), and large-scale (500 L/s) DWTPs; and (3) evaluate the preliminary economic feasibility of the proposed system. This study employed a parametric design approach based on literature review and secondary data analysis, without involving field sampling or laboratory experimentation. The research stages included a systematic review of the characteristics of alum-based DWTP sedimentation sludge, mass balance development for the three capacity scenarios, and the design of six main process units: a thickening tank, acidification tank, gravity clarifier (separator unit), neutralization tank, recovered alum storage tank, and chemical storage tank. A preliminary economic feasibility assessment was also conducted, including CAPEX and OPEX estimation, annual savings calculation, and sensitivity analysis of H₂SO₄ and commercial alum prices. All design parameters were determined using representative values obtained from established scientific literature. The results indicated that the acidification process at pH 2.5 achieved an aluminum recovery efficiency of 87%, producing 269.4 kg/day, 1,078.2 kg/day, and 2,694.1 kg/day of Al₂(SO₄)₃ for the small-, medium-, and large-capacity scenarios, respectively, equivalent to 88,902–889,053 kg/year. The dominant process unit, the thickening tank, was designed with diameters of 6.5 m, 13.0 m, and 20.5 m and volumes of 116.1 m³, 464.6 m³, and 1,155.4 m³ for the respective scenarios. The acidification tank was designed with diameters ranging from 0.80 to 1.70 m and mixer power requirements of 17.9–169.6 W, providing actual contact times of 38.2–45.2 minutes, which exceeded the minimum requirement of 35 minutes. The economic feasibility analysis demonstrated that the alum recovery system is economically viable for all evaluated capacity scales, as indicated by positive Net Annual Benefit (NAB) values, Simple Payback Period (SPP) values ranging from 3.57 to 7.66 years, and Return on Investment (ROI) values between 13.1% and 28.0% per year.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alum; asidifikasi; desain unit; instalasi pengolahan air minum; lumpur sedimentasi; pemulihan alum; Acidification; alum; alum recovery; sedimentation sludge; unit designation; water treatment plant
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Boni Partogi Maurits Siregar
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:48
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136635

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