Analisis Biaya Incremental dan Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) pada Program Gasifikasi Pembangkit Isolated akibat Kebijakan Harga Gas dengan Simulasi Monte Carlo

Priyono, Ady Rogo Priyono (2026) Analisis Biaya Incremental dan Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) pada Program Gasifikasi Pembangkit Isolated akibat Kebijakan Harga Gas dengan Simulasi Monte Carlo. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Konversi bahan bakar dari BBM ke Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) pada pembangkit isolated merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk menurunkan biaya penyediaan tenaga listrik. Namun, keekonomian skenario LNG pada sistem isolated menghadapi tantangan karena kebutuhan energi yang relatif kecil, biaya midstream yang tinggi, serta keterbatasan skala rantai pasok. Selain itu, keterbatasan alokasi Harga Gas Bumi Tertentu (HGBT) menyebabkan sebagian kebutuhan LNG berpotensi dipenuhi melalui skema harga gas pasar berbasis Indonesian Crude Price (ICP), sehingga menimbulkan risiko kenaikan harga gas plant gate. Penelitian ini menganalisis biaya Incremental perubahan penggunaan bahan bakar dari BBM ke LNG pada PLTMG XYZ dengan membandingkan kondisi baseline BBM sebagai defender dan skenario LNG sebagai challenger. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis biaya Incremental dengan Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) Incremental sebagai indikator utama, serta Incremental Net Present Value dan Payback Period sebagai indikator pendukung. Analisis dilakukan pada lima skenario porsi HGBT dan non-HGBT, yaitu S0 sampai S4, serta dilengkapi dengan analisis sensitivitas deterministik dan simulasi Monte Carlo terhadap ketidakpastian ICP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata Annual Cost BBM selama horizon analisis sebesar Rp859,22 miliar per tahun, sedangkan rata-rata Annual Cost LNG berada pada rentang Rp828,07 miliar per tahun pada S0 hingga Rp708,17 miliar per tahun pada S4. Seluruh skenario menghasilkan rata-rata EAC Incremental negatif, dari -Rp31,15 miliar per tahun pada S0 hingga -Rp151,05 miliar per tahun pada S4, serta Incremental NPV deterministik positif dari Rp84,07 miliar pada S0 hingga Rp783,56 miliar pada S4. Namun, hasil simulasi Monte Carlo menunjukkan bahwa skenario 100% non-HGBT memiliki risiko tertinggi dengan rata-rata Incremental NPV negatif Rp308,95 miliar, sehingga keekonomian gasifikasi pembangkit isolated sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga gas plant gate, porsi alokasi HGBT, biaya midstream, dan risiko harga ICP.
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Fuel switching from diesel fuel to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in isolated power plants is considered a potential strategy to reduce electricity generation costs. However, the economic feasibility of LNG implementation in isolated systems is challenged by relatively low energy demand, high midstream LNG costs, limited allocation of regulated gas prices, and exposure to non-regulated gas prices linked to the Indonesian Crude Price (ICP). This study evaluates the Incremental cost of fuel switching from BBM to LNG at PLTMG XYZ by comparing the existing BBM-based operation as the defender with the LNG-based scenario as the challenger. The analysis applies an Incremental cost approach, using Incremental Equivalent Annual Cost (Incremental EAC) as the primary indicator, supported by Incremental Net Present Value and Payback Period. Five HGBT and non-HGBT allocation scenarios, from S0 to S4, are assessed through deterministic sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to capture the uncertainty of ICP. The results show that the average Annual Cost of the BBM baseline over the analysis horizon is IDR 859.22 billion per year. In contrast, the average Annual Cost of the LNG scenarios ranges from IDR 828.07 billion per year in S0 to IDR 708.17 billion per year in S4. All scenarios generate negative average Incremental EAC values, ranging from IDR -31.15 billion per year in S0 to IDR -151.05 billion per year in S4, and positive deterministic Incremental NPV values, ranging from IDR 84.07 billion in S0 to IDR 783.56 billion in S4. Nevertheless, the Monte Carlo simulation shows that the 100% non-HGBT scenario carries the highest risk, with a negative average Incremental NPV of IDR 308.95 billion, indicating that the economic viability of LNG gasification in isolated power plants is strongly influenced by gas plant gate price, HGBT allocation, midstream cost, and ICP price risk.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: gasifikasi pembangkit, pembangkit isolated, biaya Incremental, Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC), simulasi Monte Carlo, gas price regulation; LNG gasification; isolated power plants; Incremental cost analysis; Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC); Monte Carlo simulation
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.24 Feasibility studies. Feasibility appraisals
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management
T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1001 Production of electric energy or power
T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP761.L5 Liquefied natural gas
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User: Ady Rogo Priyono
Date Deposited: 28 Jul 2026 02:59
Last Modified: 28 Jul 2026 02:59
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136721

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