Studi Kinerja Kombinasi Aerator Venturi Dan Saringan Pasir Lambat

Musaqof, Faqih Khasan (2026) Studi Kinerja Kombinasi Aerator Venturi Dan Saringan Pasir Lambat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketersediaan air minum berkualitas di daerah terpencil dan rawan bencana masih menjadi tantangan utama akibat keterbatasan infrastruktur dan pasokan listrik. Air permukaan seperti Kali Jagir, Surabaya, relatif mudah diperoleh namun kualitasnya sering menurun akibat tingginya kekeruhan, beban pencemar organik, dan keberadaan mikroplastik. Saringan pasir lambat merupakan solusi relevan karena berbasis gravitasi tanpa memerlukan energi listrik, namun kinerjanya sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan Dissolved Oxygen (DO) yang memadai untuk mendukung aktivitas biologis lapisan schmutzdecke dalam mendegradasi zat organik dan menyisihkan partikel tersuspensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan, zat organik, dan mikroplastik oleh saringan pasir lambat yang dikombinasikan dengan aerator venturi, serta menganalisis kontribusi aerator venturi dalam meningkatkan kadar DO guna mendukung kinerja filtrasi biologis pada kondisi minim energi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada skala laboratorium menggunakan air baku dari Kali Jagir, Surabaya. Sistem yang digunakan adalah dua reaktor saringan pasir lambat berdiameter 12,7 cm dengan sistem aliran downflow, masing-masing dengan dan tanpa aerator venturi, dengan media pasir silika setebal 100 cm. Variasi laju filtrasi yang diuji adalah 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,3 m³/m².jam, masing-masing dioperasikan selama 5 hari secara intermitten 8 jam per hari. Air baku dikondisikan pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU agar saringan pasir lambat tidak mengalami clogging. Konsentrasi zat organik tidak dikontrol secara aktif, namun dicatat setiap periode sebagai karakteristik aktual air baku dan dianalisis pengaruhnya terhadap efisiensi penyisihan. Parameter uji meliputi DO, kekeruhan, zat organik (KMnO4), dan kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan analisis visual mikroskop mengacu pada US NOAA, serta headloss media filter menggunakan pipa piezometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aerator venturi secara konsisten meningkatkan dan mempertahankan DO pada kisaran 6,6–7,9 mg/L. Efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan reaktor aerasi mencapai rata-rata 99,62%; 99,52%; dan 96,26%, dengan seluruh effluen pada kecepatan 0,1 dan 0,2 m³/m².jam memenuhi baku mutu Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023 (≤3 NTU). Efisiensi penyisihan zat organik baru tampak setelah 15 hari operasi, di mana reaktor aerasi mencapai 48,97% dibandingkan 42,07% pada reaktor kontrol. Efisiensi penyisihan kelimpahan mikroplastik reaktor aerasi rata-rata sebesar 51,56%; 25,79%; dan 63,83%. Kombinasi aerator venturi dan saringan pasir lambat terbukti efektif sebagai teknologi tepat guna pengolahan air permukaan tanpa ketergantungan energi listrik.
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The availability of high quality drinking water in remote and disaster-prone areas remains a major challenge due to limitations in infrastructure and electricity supply. Surface water, such as the Jagir River in Surabaya, is relatively accessible; however, its quality frequently degrades due to high turbidity, organic pollutant loads, and the presence of microplastics. Slow sand filtration is a highly relevant solution as it is a gravity driven system that requires no electrical energy. Nevertheless, its performance is heavily dependent on the availability of adequate Dissolved Oxygen (DO) to support the biological activity of the schmutzdecke layer in degrading organic matter and removing suspended particles. This study aims to evaluate the removal efficiency of turbidity, organic matter, and microplastics using a slow sand filter combined with a venturi aerator. Furthermore, it analyzes the contribution of the venturi aerator in enhancing DO levels to support biological filtration performance under low energy conditions. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using raw water from the Jagir River, Surabaya. The system utilized two slow sand filter reactors with a diameter of 12.7 cm operating under a downflow configuration, one equipped with a venturi aerator and the other without (control), both containing a 100 cm thick layer of silica sand media. The tested filtration rates were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m³/m²·h, each operated intermittently for 5 days at 8 hours per day. The raw water was adjusted to an initial turbidity of 50 NTU to prevent premature clogging of the slow sand filter. The analytical parameters included DO, turbidity, organic matter (KMnO4), and microplastic abundance analyzed via visual microscopy in accordance with US NOAA guidelines as well as filter media head loss measured using piezometer tubes. The results demonstrated that the venturi aerator consistently increased and maintained DO levels within the range of 6.6–7.9 mg/L. The aeration reactor achieved average turbidity removal efficiencies of 99.62%, 99.52%, and 96.26%, with all effluents at filtration rates of 0.1 and 0.2 m³/m²·h satisfying the Ministry of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 2 of 2023 quality standards (≤ 3 NTU). The organic matter removal efficiency became evident after 15 days of operation, where the aeration reactor achieved 48.97% compared to 42.07% in the control reactor. The microplastic abundance removal efficiencies in the aeration reactor averaged 51.56%, 25.79%, and 63.83%. The combination of a venturi aerator and a slow sand filter proved to be an effective and appropriate technology for surface water treatment without relying on electrical energy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aerator Venturi, Mikroplastik, Oksigen Terlarut, Saringan Pasir Lambat, Zat Organik, Dissolved Oxygen, Microplastic, Organic Substances, Slow Sand Filter, Venturi Aerator
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Faqih Khasan Musaqof
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 07:15
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 07:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136765

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