Bilqis, Audrey Theodora (2026) Analisis Risiko Kontaminasi Sekunder Pada Sistem Distribusi Zona Air Minum Prima (ZAMP) PERUMDA Air Minum Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5014221095_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5014221095_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (6MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Kualitas air minum harus dipertahankan secara konsisten hingga titik konsumsi, namun pada praktiknya dapat mengalami degradasi selama pendistribusian akibat kontaminasi sekunder. Hal tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi operasional dan hidraulik jaringan, termasuk tekanan negatif serta interaksi air dengan material pipa. Selain itu, rendahnya kecepatan aliran juga dapat meningkatkan potensi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan penurunan kualitas air. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi terhadap kondisi hidraulik untuk mengidentifikasi risiko kontaminasi sekunder pada sistem distribusi Zona Air Minum Prima (ZAMP) PERUMDA Air Minum Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya melalui faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap degradasi kualitas air dan keterkaitannya dengan kondisi hidraulik jaringan.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kuantitatif menggunakan semi-quantitative risk assessment (SQRA) berbasis risk matrix 5×5, yang didukung oleh data lapangan dan pemodelan hidraulik menggunakan perangkat lunak EPANET 2.2. Data primer diperoleh melalui pengukuran tekanan serta pengujian parameter kualitas air fisik (suhu, kekeruhan, dan total dissolved solid/TDS), kimia (pH), serta mikrobiologis (total coliform) pada delapan titik representatif di jaringan distribusi. Sedangkan data sekunder mencakup peta dan data aset jaringan yang relevan untuk pemodelan hidraulik. Hasil simulasi hidraulik kemudian diintegrasikan dengan hasil pengujian kualitas air untuk mengidentifikasi keterkaitan antara kondisi hidraulik dan potensi degradasi kualitas air. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis tersebut digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penilaian risiko dan penyusunan rekomendasi untuk optimalisasi sistem distribusi ZAMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel memenuhi baku mutu untuk parameter suhu, TDS, dan pH. Sedangkan, untuk parameter kekeruhan terdapat 4 dari 64 sampel (6%) yang melebihi baku mutu >3 NTU. Selain itu, 9 dari 32 sampel (28%) terdeteksi mengandung coliform dengan konsentrasi tertinggi >200 CFU/100 mL. Keberadaan coliform secara konsisten ditemukan pada area dead end. Simulasi hidraulik menunjukkan bahwa hanya terdapat tiga titik yang memenuhi standar kecepatan aliran minimum 0,3 m/detik dan delapan titik yang memenuhi standar tekanan minimum 0,5 bar tanpa adanya tekanan negatif. Penilaian risiko terhadap 20 kejadian berbahaya menghasilkan dua kejadian berisiko sangat tinggi, sepuluh kejadian berisiko medium, dan delapan kejadian berisiko rendah. Risiko tertinggi berasal dari pertumbuhan ulang mikroorganisme pada jaringan perpipaan, di mana berdasarkan pemetaan spasial terkonsentrasi pada ruas pipa yang jauh dari reservoir dan ujung jaringan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, direkomendasikan optimalisasi ZAMP melalui modifikasi konfigurasi jaringan menjadi sistem loop, perluasan pemantauan tekanan, kekeruhan, dan total coliform, serta pemasangan sensor online untuk tekanan dan kekeruhan pada titik-titik kritis.
========================================================================================================================
Drinking water quality must be consistently maintained all the way to the point of consumption. However, in practice it can degrade during distribution due to secondary contamination. This can be influenced by the operational and hydraulic conditions of the network, including negative pressure and the interaction of water with pipe materials. In addition, low flow velocity can also increase the potential for microorganism growth and a decline in water quality. Therefore, an evaluation of hydraulic conditions is needed to identify the risk of secondary contamination in the Zona Air Minum Prima (ZAMP) distribution system of PERUMDA Air Minum Surya Sembada in Surabaya by examining the factors contributing to water quality degradation and their relationship to the network’s hydraulic conditions. The study was conducted using a descriptive-quantitative approach based on a semi-quantitative risk assessment (SQRA) using a 5×5 risk matrix, supported by field data and hydraulic modeling using EPANET 2.2 software. Primary data were obtained through pressure measurements and testing of physical water quality parameters (temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids/TDS), chemical parameter (pH), and microbiological parameters (total coliforms) at eight representative points in the distribution network. Secondary data consisted of distribution network maps and asset data relevant to hydraulic modeling. The results of the hydraulic simulations were then integrated with the water quality test results to identify the relationship between hydraulic conditions and the potential for water quality degradation. Subsequently, these analysis results were used as the basis for risk assessment and the formulation of recommendations for optimizing the ZAMP distribution system. The results of the study showed that all samples met the quality standards for temperature, TDS, and pH. However, for turbidity 4 out of 64 samples (6%) exceeded the quality standard by >3 NTU. In addition, 9 out of 32 samples (28%) were found to contain coliforms, with the highest concentration exceeding 200 CFU/100 mL. Coliforms were consistently found in dead end areas. Hydraulic simulations showed that only three points met the minimum flow velocity standard of 0,3 m/s and eight points met the minimum pressure standard of 0,5 bar without negative pressure. A risk assessment of 20 hazardous events identified two very high risk events, ten medium risk events, and eight low risk events. The highest risk stems from the regrowth of microorganisms in the pipeline network. Based on spatial mapping, this risk is concentrated in pipeline sections far from the reservoir and at the ends of the network. Based on these findings, it is recommended to optimize the ZAMP by modification of the network configuration to a loop system, expansion of monitoring for pressure, turbidity, and total coliforms, and installation of online sensors for pressure and turbidity at critical points.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | kontaminasi sekunder, risk matrix, sistem distribusi, SQRA, ZAMP, distribution system, risk matrix, secondary contamination, SQRA, ZAMP |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Audrey Theodora Bilqis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:18 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136813 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |