Aafiyah, Karina Filza (2026) Analisis Kompleksitas Proses Bisnis Administrasi Akademik Di Perguruan Tinggi Dengan Framework Total Maintainability Score Untuk Mengidentifikasi Potensi Business Process Debt. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Digitalisasi proses bisnis administrasi akademik di perguruan tinggi bertujuan meningkatkan efisiensi layanan, tetapi sering kali dilakukan tanpa analisis kompleksitas proses yang memadai. Akibatnya, inefisiensi dari proses lama masih terbawa ke dalam sistem digital, seperti alur yang panjang, validasi berulang, koordinasi lintas unit yang belum terintegrasi, serta aktivitas manual di luar sistem. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan Business Process debt (BPD), yaitu akumulasi konsekuensi negatif akibat desain proses yang kurang optimal dan dapat meningkatkan kebutuhan perbaikan di masa mendatang.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kompleksitas dan tingkat keterpeliharaan (maintaianbility) proses bisnis administrasi akademik di Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) menggunakan framework Total Maintainability Score (TMS) sebagai indikator prediktif potensi BPD. Objek penelitian meliputi proses daftar ulang mahasiswa baru melalui SIPMABA, administrasi magang melalui SIMAGANG, dan pengelolaan tugas akhir melalui myITS Thesis. Model proses as-is diperoleh dari dokumentasi penelitian terdahulu yang dimodelkan menggunakan Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan sepuluh metrik kompleksitas BPMN, yaitu Average gateway degree, Control flow complexity, Depth, Gateway Heterogeneity, Gateway mismatch, Maximum Gateway Degree, Number of Sequence Flows from Gateways, Number of Nodes, Separability, dan Total number of gateways. Seluruh metrik kemudian diagregasi menggunakan formula TMS untuk memperoleh skor maintainability dan menilai potensi BPD berdasarkan kompleksitas struktural proses.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses daftar ulang mahasiswa baru memiliki kompleksitas tertinggi dengan nilai TMS 0,63 sehingga dikategorikan memiliki low maintainability dan potensi BPD tinggi. Proses administrasi magang memperoleh nilai TMS 0,47 yang menunjukkan moderate maintainability dan potensi BPD sedang. Sementara itu, proses pengelolaan tugas akhir memperoleh nilai TMS 0,30 pada pendekatan rata-rata tiga model dan 0,43 pada pendekatan model gabungan, sehingga memiliki maintainability yang relatif lebih baik. Namun, hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa potensi BPD pada proses tugas akhir tidak sepenuhnya tercermin dalam skor TMS karena adanya system-reality gap, keterbatasan integrasi sistem, dan aktivitas manual di luar myITS Thesis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa framework TMS dapat digunakan sebagai indikator prediktif untuk deteksi awal potensi BPD, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan kompleksitas struktural dan maintainability proses. Namun, TMS perlu dikombinasikan dengan analisis kualitatif agar potensi BPD yang bersifat operasional, kontekstual, dan organisasional dapat diidentifikasi secara lebih komprehensif.
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The digitalization of academic administration business processes in higher education institutions aims to improve service efficiency, but is often undertaken without adequate process complexity analysis. As a result, inefficiencies from legacy processes persist into the digital system, such as lengthy workflows, repetitive validation, unintegrated cross-unit coordination, and manual activities outside the system. This situation has the potential to create Business Process debt (BPD), the accumulation of negative consequences resulting from suboptimal process design and the need for future improvements.
This study aims to measure the complexity and maintainability of academic administration business processes at the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) using the Total Maintainability Score (TMS) framework as a predictive indicator of potential BPD. The research objects include the new student re-registration process through SIPMABA, internship administration through SIMAGANG, and final project management through myITS Thesis. The as-is process model was obtained from previous research documentation and modeled using Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN). The evaluation was conducted using ten BPMN complexity metrics: Average gateway degree, Control flow complexity, Depth, Gateway Heterogeneity, Gateway mismatch, Maximum Gateway Degree, Number of Sequence Flows from Gateways, Number of Nodes, Separability, and Total number of gateways. All metrics were then aggregated using the TMS formula to obtain a maintainability score and assess the potential for BPD based on the process's structural complexity.
The results showed that the new student re-registration process had the highest complexity, with a TMS score of 0.63, categorizing it as having low maintainability and high BPD potential. The internship administration process received a TMS score of 0.47, indicating moderate maintainability and moderate BPD potential. Meanwhile, the final project management process received a TMS score of 0.30 using the three-model average approach and 0.43 using the combined model approach, thus achieving relatively better maintainability. However, interviews indicated that the BPD potential of the final project process was not fully reflected in the TMS score due to a system-reality gap, limited system integration, and manual activities outside of myITS Thesis.
This study concludes that the TMS framework can be used as a predictive indicator for early detection of potential BPDs, particularly those related to structural complexity and process maintainability. However, the TMS needs to be combined with qualitative analysis to more comprehensively identify operational, contextual, and organizational potential BPDs.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Business Process debt, Total Maintainability Score, BPMN, kompleksitas proses, digitalisasi perguruan tinggi, administrasi akademik, maintainability, Business Process debt, Total Maintainability Score, BPMN, process complexity, university digitalization, academic administration, maintainability |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD58.87 Reengineering (Management) Business process L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2300 Higher Education T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.6 Management information systems |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 57201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Karina Filza Aafiyah |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:18 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136957 |
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