Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menggunakan Metode Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi

Azzayyan, Muhammad Nazhief and Almahendra, Haris (2026) Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menggunakan Metode Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Desain Pabrik Biodiesel ini dirancang untuk memanfaatkan Palm Fatty Acid Ditillate (PFAD) sebagai bahan baku utama. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk berjalan dengan kapaitas 100.000 ton per tahun. Palm Fatty Acid Ditillate (PFAD) merupakan by-product refining CPO (Crude Palm Oil) yang memiliki kadar Fatty Acid yang sangat tinggi. Proses produksi terdiri dari dua tahap utama, yaitu tahap esterifikasi dan tahap transesterifikasi. Tahap esterifikasi yaitu tahap mereaksikan free fatty acid dengan metanol berlebih yang menghasilkan produk Fatty Acid Methyl Acid (FAME). Tahap Transesterifikasi yaitu tahap mereaksikan trigliserida dengan metanol dengan bantuan katalis NaOH yang menghasilkan produk utama FAME dan by product gliserol. Pabrik ini beroperasi secara kontinu dengan waktu kerja 330 hari dalam satu tahun, sehingga reaktor yang digunakan yaitu tipe reaktor Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR). Pabrik ini direncanakan dibangun dalam rentang waktu 2 tahun dengan umur 15 tahun. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, pabrik dinyatakan layak untuk didirikan dengan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 856.793.346.534. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 23,46% mencerminkan tingkat pengembalian investasi yang lebih tinggi dari rata-rata biaya modal yang diharapkan. Analisis Break-Even Point (BEP) sebesar 55,03%, sedangkan Pay Out Time (POT) selama 4 tahun menggambarkan durasi pengembalian investasi yang wajar dalam proyek berskala besar.
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Biodiesel plant is designed to utilize Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) as its primary feedstock. The plant is planned to operate at a capacity of 100,000 metric tons per year. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct of crude palm oil (CPO) refining that has a very high fatty acid content. The production process consists of two main stages: the esterification stage and the transesterification stage. The esterification stage involves reacting free fatty acids with excess methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The transesterification stage involves reacting triglycerides with methanol in the presence of a NaOH catalyst, yielding FAME as the main product and glycerol as a byproduct. The plant operates continuously for 330 days per year; therefore, a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) is used. The plant is planned to be constructed over a two-year period with a design life of 15 years. Based on an economic analysis, the plant is deemed feasible to build, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp 856.793.346.534. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 23,46% reflects a rate of return on investment higher than the average expected cost of capital. The Break-Even Point (BEP) is 55,03%, while the Payback Period (POT) of 4 years indicates a reasonable investment payback period for a large-scale project.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Esterifikasi, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, Transesterifikasi, Biodiesel, Esterification, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, Transesterification,
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP343 Liquid and gaseous fuel T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Haris Almahendra
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:44
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137067

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