Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Massa DBE Pada Komposit Semikonduktor DBE/Co₃O₄/TiO₂ Sebagai Material Fotokatalis Degradasi Limbah Methylene Blue

Hersaputra, Kelviano Athalla (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Massa DBE Pada Komposit Semikonduktor DBE/Co₃O₄/TiO₂ Sebagai Material Fotokatalis Degradasi Limbah Methylene Blue. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran air oleh zat warna sintetis seperti methylene blue (MB) menjadi permasalahan lingkungan karena memiliki struktur kimia yang stabil dan sulit terdegradasi secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi penambahan massa deoiled bleaching earth (DBE) terhadap karakteristik dan aktivitas fotokatalitik komposit Co₃O₄/TiO₂ dalam degradasi MB. DBE diberi perlakuan alkali menggunakan NaOH, Co₃O₄ disintesis melalui metode presipitasi, TiO₂ melalui metode sol–gel, sedangkan komposit DBE/Co₃O₄/TiO₂ disintesis menggunakan metode hidrotermal dengan variasi penambahan DBE sebesar 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20%. Material dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, BET, dan UV–Vis, sedangkan aktivitas fotokatalitik diuji terhadap larutan MB di bawah penyinaran UV selama 150 menit. Hasil XRF menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan alkali menurunkan kandungan SiO₂ DBE dari 72,848% menjadi 66,261%, sementara kandungan Fe₂O₃ berubah dari 10,228% menjadi 10,607%. Hasil XRD menunjukkan terbentuknya TiO₂ fasa anatase, Co₃O₄ berstruktur spinel, serta fasa quartz dan aluminosilikat pada DBE. Penambahan DBE menurunkan luas permukaan spesifik dari 51,422 m²/g pada DCT 0 menjadi 5,210 m²/g pada DCT 20. Nilai energi celah pita komposit meningkat dari 2,70 eV pada DCT 0 menjadi 2,84 eV pada DCT 20. Aktivitas degradasi tertinggi diperoleh pada DCT 5 dengan persentase degradasi MB sebesar 99,45% setelah 150 menit penyinaran, lebih tinggi dibandingkan DCT 0 sebesar 92,94%. Peningkatan massa DBE di atas 5% menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas, dengan nilai degradasi sebesar 98,49%, 96,03%, dan 95,54% masing-masing pada DCT 10, DCT 15, dan DCT 20. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan DBE sebesar 5% merupakan komposisi optimum yang menghasilkan keseimbangan paling efektif antara kontribusi adsorpsi DBE dan aktivitas fotokatalitik Co₃O₄/TiO₂. Analisis kinetika menunjukkan bahwa DCT 5 mengikuti model orde nol dengan nilai koefisien determinasi tertinggi sebesar R² = 0,98207.
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Water pollution caused by synthetic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) has become an environmental concern due to its chemically stable structure and resistance to natural degradation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying the mass addition of deoiled bleaching earth (DBE) on the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/TiO2 composites for MB degradation. DBE was subjected to alkaline treatment using NaOH, Co3O4 was synthesized via a precipitation method, TiO2 was synthesized through a sol–gel method, and the DBE/Co3O4/TiO2 composites were prepared using a hydrothermal method with DBE additions of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The materials were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated through MB degradation under ultraviolet irradiation for 150 min. The XRF results showed that alkaline treatment reduced the SiO2 content of DBE from 72.848% to 66.261%, while the Fe2O3 content changed from 10.228% to 10.607%. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of anatase TiO2, spinel Co3O4, and quartz- and aluminosilicate-based phases in DBE. Increasing the DBE content enhanced the specific surface area decreased from 51.422 m2/g for DCT 0 to 5.210 m2/g for DCT 20. The band gap energy increased from 2.70 eV for DCT 0 to 2.84 eV for DCT 20. The highest degradation efficiency was achieved by DCT 5, which degraded 99.45% of MB after 150 min of irradiation, compared with 92.94% for DCT 0. Increasing the DBE content beyond 5% decreased the degradation efficiency to 98.49%, 96.03%, and 95.54% for DCT 10, DCT 15, and DCT 20, respectively. These results demonstrate that a 5% DBE addition is the optimum composition, providing the most effective balance between the adsorption contribution of DBE and the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/TiO2. Kinetic analysis showed that DCT 5 followed a zero-order kinetic model with the highest coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.98207.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co₃O₄, Deoiled Bleaching Earth, fotokatalis, Methylene Blue, TiO₂. Co₃O₄, Deoiled Bleaching Earth, methylene blue, photocatalyst, TiO₂.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD181.S6 A4 Aluminum silicates Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD716 Photocatalysis.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Kelviano Athalla Hersaputra
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 07:08
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 07:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137114

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