Tjahjadi, Peter (2026) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penstabil dan Inisiator serta Kecepatan Agitasi pada Proses Polimerisasi Suspensi terhadap Yield dan Karakteristik Powder PMMA untuk Aplikasi Acrylic Bone Cement. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Cranioplasty merupakan prosedur perbaikan defek kranial secara fungsional dan kosmetik menggunakan acrylic bone cement. Sintesis powder PMMA melalui bulk polymerization dinilai kurang efisien dan sulit menghasilkan ukuran partikel yang terkontrol. Oleh karena itu, polimerisasi suspensi diaplikasikan sebagai metode alternatif untuk memproduksi powder dengan bentuk dan ukuran yang homogen. Proses sintesis ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan monomer MMA dan inisiator BPO (0,5; 0,75; dan 1 wt% MMA) dalam medium larutan penstabil PVA (2, 3, dan 4 wt% air) pada suhu 75°C, menggunakan variasi kecepatan agitasi 800, 900, dan 1000 rpm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh parameter tersebut terhadap yield, ukuran, distribusi ukuran, morfologi, dan massa molekul dari powder PMMA․ Karakterisasi powder PMMA meliputi perhitungan yield, serta analisis menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Powder PMMA hasil sintesis tersebut kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai acrylic bone cement dan dievaluasi berdasarkan standar ASTM F451-21. Hasil analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi pembentukan PMMA murni. Peningkatan konsentrasi PVA hingga 4% memicu gel effect, menghasilkan yield maksimal sebesar 42,2% dan massa molekul mencapai ~61 juta g/mol. Kombinasi konsentrasi PVA tinggi dan kecepatan agitasi 1000 rpm menyebabkan aglomerasi dan pembentukan partikel nanometer akibat nukleasi sekunder. Evaluasi semen tulang memperlihatkan kekuatan tekan sebesar 223 dan 227 MPa serta suhu eksotermis <36°C, yang memenuhi standar ASTM F451-21. Meskipun demikian, tingginya massa molekul membatasi penetrasi pelarut, sehingga menunda parameter handling properties. Pengujian MTT Assay membuktikan bahwa powder dan acrylic bone cement memenuhi standar viabilitas sel >70%.
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Cranioplasty is a functional and cosmetic procedure for repairing cranial defects using acrylic bone cement. The synthesis of PMMA powder via bulk polymerization is considered inefficient and presents challenges in producing a controlled particle size. Therefore, suspension polymerization is applied as an alternative method to produce powder with a homogeneous shape and size. This synthesis process was conducted by reacting MMA monomer and BPO initiator (0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% of MMA) within a PVA stabilizer solution (2, 3, and 4 wt% of water) at a temperature of 75°C, utilizing varied agitation speeds of 800, 900, and 1000 rpm. This study aims to analyze the effect of these parameters on the yield, size, size distribution, morphology, and molecular weight of the PMMA powder. The characterization of the PMMA powder included yield calculation, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The synthesized PMMA powder was subsequently applied as acrylic bone cement and evaluated based on the ASTM F451-21 standard. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of pure PMMA. Increasing the PVA concentration to 4% triggered a gel effect, producing a maximum yield of 42.2% and an ultrahigh molecular weight reaching ~61 million g/mol. The combination of high PVA concentration and an agitation speed of 1000 rpm induced agglomeration and the formation of nanometer-sized particles due to secondary nucleation. The evaluation of the bone cement demonstrated a compressive strength of 223 and 227 MPa, with an exothermic temperature of <36°C, fulfilling the ASTM F451-21 standard. Nevertheless, the exceptionally high molecular weight restricted solvent penetration, thereby delaying the handling property parameters. The MTT Assay testing verified that both the powder and the acrylic bone cement met the cell viability standard of >70%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kranioplasti‚ PMMA, Polimerisasi Suspensi, Semen Tulang Akrilik, Acrylic Bone Cement‚ Cranioplasty‚ PMMA, Suspension Polymerization |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > Polymerization Q Science > QP Physiology > QP801.B69 Biopolymers R Medicine > R Medicine (General) > R857.M3 Biomedical materials. Biomedical materials--Testing. R Medicine > RD Surgery > RD132 Implants, Artificial. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Peter Tjahjadi |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 00:48 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 00:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137177 |
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