Kajian Peningkatan Proses Biokonversi Limbah Industri Melalui Penambahan Eco-enzyme Dan Komposisi Substrat

Ainaya, Zarya Timur Ainaya (2026) Kajian Peningkatan Proses Biokonversi Limbah Industri Melalui Penambahan Eco-enzyme Dan Komposisi Substrat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lumpur industri makanan dan minuman merupakan limbah organik yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat budidaya larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (*Hermetia illucens*). Penggunaan lumpur sebagai substrat tunggal berpotensi memiliki kandungan nutrien, khususnya protein, yang belum mencukupi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan larva secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, penambahan limbah ikan kaleng kedaluwarsa dilakukan sebagai sumber protein hewani tambahan guna meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi substrat. Selain itu, eco-enzyme ditambahkan sebagai bioaktivator yang berperan dalam mempercepat proses dekomposisi bahan organik kompleks menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana. Penggunaan lumpur industri dan limbah ikan kaleng berpotensi menyebabkan akumulasi logam berat pada larva BSF. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik limbah industri sebagai substrat larva BSF, mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan eco-enzyme terhadap potensi biokonversi, pertumbuhan larva, dan tingkat reduksi substrat, serta menganalisis potensi akumulasi logam berat pada larva BSF. Lumpur industri yang digunakan adalah lumpur industri krimer yang dicampurkan dengan limbah ikan kaleng kedaluwarsa pada rasio berat kering 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, dan 0:100. Dosis eco-enzyme yang digunakan adalah 0 mL sebagai kontrol, 3 mL, 4 mL, dan 5 mL per 250 gram berat basah (BB) substrat. Feeding rate yang diterapkan sebesar 11,36 mg BK/larva/hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan satu kali setiap hari. Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan sejak hari ke-8 hingga hari ke-29 dengan pengamatan bobot larva setiap tiga hari menggunakan 10% sampel larva pada setiap reaktor. Lumpur industri krimer memiliki karakteristik pH 6,34, kadar air 65,70%, rasio C/N 24,84, kandungan protein 8,77%, dan lemak 33,98%, sedangkan limbah ikan kaleng kedaluwarsa memiliki pH 5,93, kadar air 64,79%, rasio C/N 15,32, kandungan protein 16,35%, dan lemak 74,22%. Penambahan eco-enzyme secara statistik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan maupun kinerja biokonversi larva BSF (sig. > 0,05), dengan nilai Waste Reduction Index (WRI) tertinggi diperoleh pada komposisi campuran K40–K60 (2,52–2,82% BK/hari; laju biokonversi 19,34–23,63% BK; ECD 36,74–46,17% BK), jauh melampaui komposisi lumpur tunggal K100. Analisis logam berat menunjukkan kandungan kadmium (Cd) sebesar 5,9×10⁻⁸ dan 6,2×10⁻⁸ mg/kg serta timbal (Pb) sebesar 1,3×10⁻⁵ dan 0,5×10⁻⁶ mg/kg, yang keduanya masih berada di bawah batas maksimum standar pakan ikan. Nilai Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Cd sebesar 0,384–0,537 (BAF < 1) menunjukkan bahwa larva tidak mengakumulasi Cd secara aktif, sedangkan BAF Pb sebesar 6,579–114,035 (BAF > 1) menunjukkan adanya bioakumulasi aktif timbal oleh larva BSF.
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Food and beverage industry sludge is an organic waste with potential for use as a rearing substrate for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (*Hermetia illucens*). The use of sludge as a sole substrate may result in insufficient nutrient content, particularly protein, to support optimal larval growth. Therefore, expired canned fish waste was incorporated as an additional animal protein source to enhance the nutritional value of the substrate. Eco-enzyme was also added as a bioactivator to accelerate the decomposition of complex organic compounds into simpler forms. The use of industrial sludge and canned fish waste poses a potential risk of heavy metal accumulation in BSF larvae. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of food and beverage industry sludge as a substrate for BSF larvae, evaluate the effect of eco-enzyme addition on bioconversion potential, larval growth, and substrate reduction rate, and analyze the potential for heavy metal accumulation in BSF larvae. The industrial sludge used was creamer industry sludge mixed with expired canned fish waste at dry weight ratios of 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 0:100. Eco-enzyme doses applied were 0 mL as the control, 3 mL, 4 mL, and 5 mL per 250 g of wet-weight (WW) substrate. The feeding rate applied was 11.36 mg dry weight/larva/day with a feeding frequency of once per day. Larval rearing was conducted from day 8 to day 29, with larval weight measured every three days using 10% of the larvae from each reactor as the sample. Creamer industry sludge exhibited a pH of 6.34, moisture content of 65.70%, C/N ratio of 24.84, protein content of 8.77%, and fat content of 33.98%, whereas expired canned fish waste exhibited a pH of 5.93, moisture content of 64.79%, C/N ratio of 15.32, protein content of 16.35%, and fat content of 74.22%. Eco-enzyme addition had no statistically significant effect on either the growth or bioconversion performance of BSF larvae (sig. > 0.05), with the highest Waste Reduction Index (WRI) obtained in the mixed substrate compositions K40–K60 (2.52–2.82% DW/day; bioconversion rate of 19.34–23.63% DW; ECD of 36.74–46.17% DW), far exceeding that of the single-sludge composition (K100). Heavy metal analysis showed cadmium (Cd) contents of 5.9×10⁻⁸ and 6.2×10⁻⁸ mg/kg and lead (Pb) contents of 1.3×10⁻⁵ and 0.5×10⁻⁶ mg/kg, both of which remained below the maximum allowable limits for fish feed standards. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for Cd ranged from 0.384 to 0.537 (BAF < 1), indicating that the larvae did not actively accumulate Cd, whereas the BAF for Pb ranged from 6.579 to 114.035 (BAF > 1), indicating active bioaccumulation of lead by BSF larvae.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biokonversi, black soldier fly, eco-enzyme, ikan kaleng kedaluwarsa, lumpur industri krimer, bioconvertion, black soldier fly, creamer industry sludge, expired canned fish
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD796.5 Composting
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zarya Timur Ainaya
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 01:38
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 01:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137365

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