Pengelolaan Air Asam Tambang Mineral Dalam Hubungan Dengan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca

Fadillah, Luthfia Nashwa (2026) Pengelolaan Air Asam Tambang Mineral Dalam Hubungan Dengan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Air Asam Tambang (AAT) terbentuk dari proses oksidasi mineral sulfida pada kegiatan pertambangan, menghasilkan air dengan pH rendah dan kandungan logam terlarut tinggi yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Selain risiko pencemaran badan air, aktivitas pengelolaan dan pengolahan AAT termasuk proses netralisasi kimia, pengoperasian alat berat, serta konsumsi energi listrik juga berkontribusi terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), sehingga diperlukan pendekatan pengelolaan yang mempertimbangkan aspek keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode analisis untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Karakteristik debit dan arah aliran AAT ditentukan melalui integrasi data hidrologi berupa curah hujan dengan metode Poligon Thiessen serta data spasial berupa peta topografi, tata guna lahan, dan batas catchment area. Penentuan alternatif optimal pengelolaan AAT dilakukan dengan membandingkan tiga skenario, yaitu kondisi eksisting tanpa pengolahan optimal, perancangan saluran kapur terbuka konvensional berdasarkan pendekatan net acidity, serta skenario potensial. Estimasi potensi emisi GRK dihitung menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 Guidelines, mencakup emisi dari proses pengolahan kimia, konsumsi bahan bakar alat berat (aktivitas unit pengeruk dan pengangkut, serta operasional pompa), dan konsumsi listrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan debit AAT eksisting sebesar 6.061.600 m³/bulan tertampung di dalam kolam AAT, dengan karakteristik air asam pada pH ±3,68. Hasil inventarisasi GRK menunjukkan total emisi pada Skenario 1 (konvensional), Skenario 2 (eksisting), dan Skenario 3 (potensial) berturut-turut sebesar 1.078.693,28, 1.026.273,83, dan 835.053,82 ton CO2eq/tahun, dengan konsumsi listrik dari equipment dan captive power sebagai kontributor dominan (berkisar ±94,65%–96,91%) pada seluruh skenario. Skenario 3 teridentifikasi sebagai alternatif pengelolaan AAT paling optimal, mampu menurunkan emisi GRK hingga ±22,59% dibandingkan Skenario 1 (konvensional) dan ±18,63% dibandingkan Skenario 2 (eksisting), sejalan dengan target penurunan emisi nasional dalam Enhanced NDC Indonesia.
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Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is formed through the oxidation of sulfide minerals during mining operations, resulting in water with a low pH and high levels of dissolved metals that can potentially pollute the environment if not properly managed. In addition to the risk of water body contamination, AMD management and treatment activities including chemical neutralization processes, heavy equipment operation, and electricity consumption also contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, necessitating a management approach that considers environmental sustainability. This study employed several analytical methods to achieve its objectives. The discharge characteristics and flow direction of the AMD were determined by integrating hydrological data specifically rainfall data using the Thiessen polygon method, along with spatial data such as topographic maps, land-use maps, and catchment boundaries. The optimal alternative for AMD management was determined by comparing three scenarios: the existing condition without treatment; a conventional Open Limestone Channel (OLC) design based on the net acidity approach; and a potential scenario. Estimates of potential GHG emissions were calculated using the IPCC 2006 Guidelines, covering emissions from chemical treatment processes, fuel consumption by heavy equipment (mud hauling and pumping activities), and electricity consumption. The research results show that the existing AAT flow rate of 6,061,600 m³/month is contained within the AMD pond, with acidic water characterized by a pH of ±3.68. The GHG inventory results show that total emissions under Scenario 1 (conventional), Scenario 2 (existing), and Scenario 3 (potential) are 1,078,693.28, 1,026,273.83, and 835,053.82 metric tons of CO₂eq/year, respectively, with electricity consumption from equipment and captive power serving as the dominant contributors (ranging from approximately 94.65% to 96.91%) across all scenarios. Scenario 3 was identified as the most optimal alternative for AMD management, capable of reducing GHG emissions by approximately 22.59% compared to Scenario 1 (conventional) and approximately 18.63% compared to Scenario 2 (existing), in line with Indonesia’s national emission reduction targets under the Enhanced NDC.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	air asam tambang, emisi gas rumah kaca, salur kapur terbuka, keasaman, acid mine drainage, greenhouse gases, open limestone channel, net acidity.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883 Air quality management.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Luthfia Nashwa Fadillah
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 01:59
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 01:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137402

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