Rancang Bangun Mesin Uji Impact Tipe Charpy Berkapasitas Di Bawah 5 kg

Aditya, Tristan (2026) Rancang Bangun Mesin Uji Impact Tipe Charpy Berkapasitas Di Bawah 5 kg. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Mesin uji impact yang tersedia di laboratorium umumnya memiliki kapasitas beban pukul besar sehingga kurang sesuai untuk material berkekuatan impact rendah seperti plastik, komposit ringan, dan logam tipis, karena berpotensi menghasilkan data pengujian yang tidak akurat, kurang aman, dan tidak efisien. Penelitian ini merancang dan membangun mesin uji impact tipe Charpy dengan kapasitas beban pukul di bawah 5 kg yang sesuai untuk pengujian material tersebut. Metode penelitian meliputi perhitungan awal parameter mekanika pendulum, penentuan konsep desain, simulasi statik struktur rangka, pembuatan desain 3D, fabrikasi dan perakitan prototipe, serta pengujian kinerja meliputi verifikasi sudut ayun, uji ayunan bebas (free swing test), validasi kecepatan impact, dan pengujian energi serap terhadap spesimen MC Nylon. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan tegangan von Mises dan perpindahan struktur jauh di bawah batas aman material, sehingga rangka aluminium slot profile yang dipilih dinyatakan layak digunakan. Prototipe berhasil difabrikasi dan dirakit sesuai desain, meskipun ditemukan kendala alignment pada poros pendulum yang memerlukan penyesuaian toleransi pemasangan. Pengujian kinerja menunjukkan kecepatan impact eksperimen (3,40 m/s) mendekati nilai teoritis (3,42 m/s) dengan galat 0,634%, keduanya berada dalam rentang standar ASTM E23 (3–6 m/s). Pengujian energi serap terhadap spesimen MC Nylon menghasilkan nilai rata-rata 2,6 Joule dengan standar deviasi 0,1 Joule, menunjukkan tingkat keterulangan yang baik. Mesin uji impact yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi sebagian besar parameter kunci ASTM E23, sehingga dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai alternatif alat uji impact ekonomis untuk material berketangguhan rendah di laboratorium pendidikan maupun penelitian, meskipun masih memerlukan penyempurnaan pada sistem penumpu poros pendulum.
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Impact testing machines in laboratories generally have high impact capacities, making them poorly suited for testing low-impact-strength materials such as plastics, lightweight composites, and thin metal sheets, often yielding inaccurate, unsafe, and inefficient results. This research designs and fabricates a Charpy-type impact testing machine with an impact capacity below 5 kg, suitable for testing such low-toughness materials. The method comprises preliminary calculation of the pendulum's mechanical parameters, design concept determination, static structural simulation of the frame, 3D design modeling, prototype fabrication and assembly, and performance testing consisting of swing-angle verification, a free swing test, impact velocity validation, and an energy absorption test on MC Nylon specimens. Simulation results show that the von Mises stress and structural displacement remain well below the material's safety limits, confirming the selected aluminum slot-profile frame is structurally suitable. The prototype was successfully fabricated and assembled according to the design, although an alignment issue was identified in the pendulum shaft, requiring adjustment of the assembly tolerance. Performance testing shows the experimental impact velocity (3.40 m/s) closely matches the theoretical value (3.42 m/s), with an error of only 0.634%, both within the ASTM E23 range (3–6 m/s). The energy absorption test on MC Nylon specimens yielded an average of 2.6 Joules with a standard deviation of 0.1 Joules, indicating good repeatability. The machine satisfies most key ASTM E23 parameters, making it a viable, cost-effective alternative for testing low-toughness materials in educational and research laboratories, though further refinement of the pendulum shaft support system is still needed.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Uji Impak, Charpy, Pengujian Material, Impact Test, Material Testing
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA645 Structural analysis (Engineering) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Tristan Aditya
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 01:52
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 01:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137515

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