Disrupsi Ekonomi Akibat Alih Fungsi Lahan: Studi Kasus Penambak Ikan di Kecamatan Manyar Kabupaten Gresik Pasca Pembangunan Kawasan Industri JIIPE

Ningtyas, Tia Austin (2026) Disrupsi Ekonomi Akibat Alih Fungsi Lahan: Studi Kasus Penambak Ikan di Kecamatan Manyar Kabupaten Gresik Pasca Pembangunan Kawasan Industri JIIPE. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangunan kawasan industri dan pelabuhan merupakan strategi penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Namun, pembangunan berskala besar dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi bagi masyarakat lokal yang bergantung pada sumber daya alam, seperti penambak ikan di wilayah pesisir. Kawasan JIIPE di Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik, menjadi contoh perubahan ruang yang mengalihkan lahan tambak menjadi kawasan industri. Berbagai penelitian telah membahas dampak pembangunan JIIPE, tetapi belum banyak yang mengaitkan alih fungsi lahan tambak dengan kesejahteraan ekonomi, kebijakan mitigasi, dan strategi adaptasi penambak secara terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak alih fungsi lahan tambak akibat pembangunan JIIPE terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi penambak ikan di Desa Manyarejo dan Manyar Sido Rukun, serta mengidentifikasi kebijakan pemerintah dan strategi adaptasi penambak pasca pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, studi literatur, dan wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa informan yang terdiri atas informan kunci, yaitu pihak JIIPE serta Kepala Desa Manyarejo dan Manyar Sido Rukun, informan utama meliputi petani tambak di Desa Manyarejo dan Manyar Sido Rukun, serta informan pendukung yang meliputi ketua kelompok penambak dan warga sekitar. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alih fungsi lahan tambak menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan, perubahan mata pencaharian, serta terganggunya akses lingkungan pendukung tambak. Kebijakan pemerintah dan perusahaan telah hadir melalui pelatihan, pemberdayaan, serta subsidi tertentu, tetapi belum sepenuhnya menjawab kebutuhan penambak terdampak. Strategi adaptasi penambak dilihat dari indikator intensifikasi, diversifikasi, dan migrasi. Intensifikasi dilakukan melalui pengelolaan air, pembelian benih, pakan, kincir, dan pupuk. Diversifikasi melalui kerja sampingan, dan bentuk usaha keluarga. Sedangkan migrasi tampak pada perpindahan lokasi usaha. Implikasinya, pembangunan industri perlu disertai kebijakan mitigasi yang berpihak pada masyarakat terdampak, terutama dalam perlindungan akses sumber daya, penguatan keterampilan, dan pendampingan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pembangunan tidak cukup hanya diukur dari investasi dan infrastruktur, tetapi juga dari kemampuan melindungi penghidupan masyarakat.
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The development of industrial estates and ports is an important strategy in promoting regional economic growth. However, large-scale development may have consequences for local communities that depend on natural resources, such as fish farmers in coastal areas. The JIIPE area in Manyar District, Gresik Regency, is an example of spatial transformation that converts fishpond land into an industrial estate. Various studies have discussed the impacts of JIIPE development, but only a few have linked fishpond land conversion with economic welfare, mitigation policies, and fish farmers' adaptation strategies in an integrated manner. This study aims to analyze the impact of fishpond land conversion resulting from the development of JIIPE on the economic welfare of fish farmers in Manyarejo and Manyar Sido Rukun Villages, as well as to identify government policies and fish farmers' adaptation strategies following the development. This study employed a case study approach, with data collected through observation, literature review, and in-depth interviews with several informants consisting of key informants, namely representatives of JIIPE and the Heads of Manyarejo and Manyar Sido Rukun Villages; primary informants, comprising fish farmers in Manyarejo and Manyar Sido Rukun Villages; and supporting informants, including the head of the fish farmers' group and local residents. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that fishpond land conversion has resulted in declining income, changes in livelihoods, and disrupted access to the environmental resources supporting fish farming. Government and corporate policies have been implemented through training, empowerment programs, and certain subsidies, but have not yet fully addressed the needs of the affected fish farmers. Fish farmers' adaptation strategies were examined based on the indicators of intensification, diversification, and migration. Intensification was carried out through water management and the purchase of fish seed, feed, paddlewheel aerators, and fertilizers. Diversification was undertaken through secondary jobs and family-based businesses. Meanwhile, migration was reflected in the relocation of business locations. The implication is that industrial development needs to be accompanied by mitigation policies that favor affected communities, particularly in protecting access to resources, strengthening skills, and providing economic assistance. This study emphasizes that development should not be measured solely by investment and infrastructure, but also by its ability to protect community livelihoods.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alih Fungsi Lahan, Disrupsi Ekonomi, JIIPE Gresik, Kebijakan Pembangunan, Pembangunan Industri, Penambak Ikan, Land Use Change, Economic Disruption, JIIPE Gresik, Development Policy, Industrial Development, Fish Farmers
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions
Divisions:	Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business (CREABIZ) > Developmental Studies > 60201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tia Austin Ningtyas
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 07:35
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 07:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137530

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