Desain Pabrik Amonia Biru Terintegrasi Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) untuk Mencapai Target Net Zero Emission 2060

Manurung, Anugerah Pratama and Andyartha, Made Indra (2026) Desain Pabrik Amonia Biru Terintegrasi Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) untuk Mencapai Target Net Zero Emission 2060. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan amonia rendah karbon sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia mencapai Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060. Produksi amonia abu-abu masih menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan penerapan Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) untuk menekan intensitas emisi sekaligus meningkatkan daya saing industri petrokimia nasional. Tugas desain pabrik ini bertujuan merancang pabrik amonia biru berbasis Autothermal Reforming (ATR) yang terintegrasi dengan sistem CCS. Pabrik direncanakan berlokasi di Kabupaten Bontang Utara, Kalimantan Timur, yang memiliki ketersediaan gas alam, infrastruktur industri, dan akses logistik yang memadai. Gas alam digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan hidrogen melalui proses ATR yang dilanjutkan dengan reaksi High Temperature Shift (HTS) dan Low Temperature Shift (LTS). CO2 yang terbentuk dipisahkan menggunakan absorpsi berbasis MDEA/PZ, kemudian dikompresi dan disalurkan ke fasilitas penyimpanan karbon sehingga tidak dilepaskan ke atmosfer. Hidrogen hasil pemurnian direaksikan dengan nitrogen dari Air Separation Unit (ASU) melalui proses Haber-Bosch untuk menghasilkan amonia. Sistem utilitas dioptimalkan melalui heat recovery, pembangkitan steam, dan jaringan penukar panas untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Perancangan mencakup seleksi teknologi, penyusunan Process Flow Diagram (PFD), integrasi energi, spesifikasi peralatan utama, studi awal HAZOP, serta analisis kelayakan ekonomi. Pabrik dirancang berkapasitas 600.000 ton amonia per tahun dengan waktu operasi 330 hari per tahun. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar Rp6.498.023.533.061,-, Total Production Cost (TPC) sebesar Rp 6.529.466.399.218,- per tahun, harga jual NH3 sebesar Rp13.884,-/kg, serta insentif karbon sebesar Rp50,-/kgCO2e. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa proyek memiliki Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 3.479.136.226.528,-, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 21,88%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) sebesar 13,63%, Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 36,51%, dan Payback Period (PBP) selama 5 tahun. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa proyek layak secara teknis, ekonomis, dan lingkungan serta berpotensi mendukung dekarbonisasi industri amonia dan penguatan ketahanan energi Indonesia.
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The growing demand for low carbon ammonia, aligned with Indonesia’s commitment to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060, has accelerated the development of environmentally sustainable ammonia production technologies. Gray ammonia production generates substantial CO2 emissions, highlighting the need for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies to reduce carbon intensity while enhancing the competitiveness of the national petrochemical industry. This study presents the design of a blue ammonia plant based on Autothermal Reforming (ATR) integrated with a CCS system. The proposed plant is located in North Bontang District, East Kalimantan, owing to its abundant natural gas resources, well-established industrial infrastructure, and strategic logistics network. Natural gas is utilized as the primary feedstock for hydrogen production through the ATR process, followed by High-Temperature Shift (HTS) and Low-Temperature Shift (LTS) reactions to maximize hydrogen conversion. The generated CO2 is separated using an MDEA/PZ-based absorption system, subsequently compressed, and transported to a carbon storage facility, thereby preventing its release into the atmosphere. The purified hydrogen is then reacted with nitrogen supplied from an Air Separation Unit (ASU) through the Haber Bosch process to produce ammonia. The utility system is optimized through heat recovery, steam generation, and an integrated heat exchanger network to improve overall energy efficiency. The plant design includes process technology selection, Process Flow Diagram (PFD) development, energy integration, equipment specification, preliminary Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis, and techno-economic evaluation. The plant is designed with a production capacity of 600,000 tonnes of ammonia per year and operates for 330 days annually. Economic evaluation indicates a Total Capital Investment (TCI) of Rp6.498.023.533.061,-, a Total Production Cost (TPC) of Rp 6.529.466.399.218,- per year, a selling price of Rp13.884,- per kg of NH3, and a carbon incentive of Rp50,- per kg of CO2e. The project achieves a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp 3.479.136.226.528.,-, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21,88%%, exceeding the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 13.63%, a Break Even Point (BEP) of 36,51% and a Payback Period (PBP) of 5 years. These results demonstrate that the proposed blue ammonia plant is technically, economically, and environmentally feasible, offering a promising pathway to support the decarbonization of Indonesia's ammonia industry while strengthening national energy security.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Amonia Biru, Autothermal Reforming, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Haber–Bosch, Net Zero Emission, Autothermal Reforming, Blue Ammonia, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Haber–Bosch Process, Net Zero Emissions.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Made Indra Andyartha
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 03:12
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 03:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137653

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